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Methods of lighting measurement
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1. Photoelectric (using an objective lux meter);
2. Computation method based on lamp specific output (Watt method).
Approximate method of computing artificial lighting (Watt method):
1. Calculate the number of lamps in the room.
2. Calculate the total lamp wattage in watt (by multiplying the number of lamps by lamp wattage).
3. Calculate specific output in watt/m² (by dividing the total wattage by the total area of the room).
4. Calculate artificial lighting in lux (by multiplying specific output by the L coefficient which shows the number of luxes generated by the specific output equal to 1 watt/m²). The standard coefficient L for 100 watt incandescent bulbs is 2, 0; the standard coefficient L for 100 watt and more incandescent bulbs is 2, 5; the standard coefficient L for luminescent lamps is 10.
Intention of a building, type of work performed in the room, small-sized objects necessary for work, a distance from the person’s eyes to them, contrast between the object and its background, the speed required for the distinction of the objects, adaptation conditions for the eyes, presence of dangerous objects which can cause occupational traumatism should be considered when estimating the quality of artificial lighting in the room.
Table 1
STANDARD ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING
| Type of room | Minimum permissible lighting, lx |
| 1. Educational establishments: | |
| Classroom, consulting-room | |
| Classroom for drawing | |
| Gymnasium | |
| Rest room | |
| Hall, lavatory | |
| 2. Pre-school educational establishments: | |
| Nursery, playing-room, dining-room, a room for musical studies | |
| Bedroom | |
| 3. Residential buildings: | |
| Room, kitchen | |
| Bathroom, hall | |
| 4. Patient care institutions: | |
| Operating room, resuscitation room (general lighting) | |
| Operative (surgical) site (combined lighting) | 2000-30 000 |
| Doctor´ s consulting room | |
| Ward | |
| Dental office (general lighting) | |
| Рatient’s oral cavity (combined lighting) | 3000-4000 |
| Pharmacies | |
| Workplace of a dispenser in a public service room | |
| Personnel, clean and packaging rooms | |
| Wash room |
All the standards above are relevant to lighting produced by luminescent lamps. If incandescent bulbs are used, artificial lighting standards are twice as low. As visual sensitivity to light produced by luminescent lamps is lower than that produced by incandescent bulbs, lighting intensity produced by luminescent lamps should be 2-3 times higher in similar lighting conditions.
Artificial illumination (see appendix page 115).