Types of a microclimate

Term descriptions

AN OPTIMAL MICROCLIMATE is referred to as the conditions of the indoor environment in which the person of a certain age, health condition, etc. feels thermal comfort.

PERMISSIBLE MICROCLIMATE is referred to as the conditions of the indoor environment which can cause some changes in the functional and thermal state of a person.

HEATING MICROCLIMATE is referred to as the conditions of the indoor environment which can cause physiological changes and sometimes result in the development of pathological conditions and diseases (overheating, heat stroke).

COOLING MICROCLIMATE is referred to as the conditions of the indoor environment which can cause overcooling and pathological conditions and diseases associated with it.

Two types of a microclimate can be singled out according to the release of heat:

• convectional;
• radiant.

Classification of human thermal states

An optimal state is characterized by the absence of generalized and/or localized uncomfortable thermal sensations, minimal activation of thermoregulatory mechanisms. It is a prerequisite of sustained high working capacity.

A permissible state – is characterized by insignificant generalized and/or localized uncomfortable thermal sensations, maintenance of thermal stability of a person for the whole working day and involves moderate activation of thermoregulatory mechanisms. A temporary decline in working capacity may occur but it does not impair a person’s health.

A maximum permissible state is characterized by pronounced generalized and/or localized uncomfortable thermal sensations; it cannot ensure that thermal homeostasis and health are maintained, restricts working capacity.

An impermissible state is characterized by excessive activation of thermoregulatory mechanisms which results in impaired health.

Activation of thermoregulatory mechanisms is the activation of responses of various systems of the body aiming to maintain temperature homeostasis. When these responses are evaluated their intensity is considered.

The following indicators can be used to evaluate a thermal state of a person.

• body temperature;
• topography of skin temperatures;
• temperature gradient of trunk and limb skin;
• water loss value;
• thermal sensations;
• heart rate.

Some other indicators appropriate for a particular situation can be used to fulfill the objectives of a certain study.

Table 8