Comment on the true statements and correct the false ones. 1. Government plays only a minor role in tourism.

1. Government plays only a minor role in tourism.

2. All tourist statistics are completely reliable.

3. Red tape such as visas and complicated entry formalities make it easy to travel from one country to another.

4. All countries make more money from incoming tourists than their own citizens spend in other countries.

5. Governments never attempt any kind of day-to-day regulation to any part of the tourist industry.

6. Arrival and departure cards serve as a primary source of tourist statistics.

7. A system of cross-checking arrival and departure cards gives a more accurate count of tourist-days spent in a country.

8. It is very easy to check on a tourist's purchases, but very difficult to find out how much he spends on travel and accommodations.

9. No research is ever done concerning the reasons why people travel or their reactions to their vacations.

10. Recreational travellers consider personal safety a matter of primary importance.

11. The tendency today is against careful planning of resort areas.

12. Many governments have made direct financial investments in the development of tourist facilities.

13. The infrastructure can be quickly developed without any planning or assistance from government.

14. Hotels, golf courses, swimming pools, restaurants, and parking lots are all part of the infrastructure.

15. Governments never participate in programs to train personnel for tourist-connected jobs.

Task 3 Insert the corresponding English word-combinations for the Russian components in brackets.

1. Governments are actively (участвует) in promoting a flow of tourists to their regions with (реклама) or public relations techniques.

2. Even in countries where the tourist industry has less (экономическая значимость), there is usually a tourist bureau with official or (полуофициальный статус).

3. Travel is made easier when there are no (визовых требований) and when the entry formalities are (просты).

4. Any country can (сдерживать) incoming tourists simply by not providing accommodation and (услуги, связанные с питанием), setting visa and entrance requirement.

5. Governments (на всех уровнях) are also involved in day-to-day regulation of the tourist facilities within their (юрисдикция).

6. (Учреждения общественного питания) must be inspected periodically in most localities (чтобы убедиться) that they maintain standards of cleanliness.

7. One of the (основные причины) for the existence of either official or semi-official tourist bureaus is to gather travel statistics.

8. Research in tourism involves: checking on (расходы туристов), finding out the purpose of the trip or the tourist's reaction to his vacation.

9. Many countries have become (вовлекать) in the development of tourism through direct financial investment.

10. In some cases, builders and operators (разрешать) to run their facilities for as long as ten years (не уплачивая налогов).

11. Governments are not acting merely out of (щедрость) in giving out such benefits, since their own (доходы возрастают) in the long run as a result of the money brought in tourism.

12. The infrastructure consists of those things that are (необходимые) before development can take place - roads, (канализационные системы), electricity, telephone service, airports, and (системы водоснабжения).

13. Many governments institute such programs in order to (иметь в наличии людей) to fill the jobs generated by tourism.

14. The research is followed by the actual planning and development that include (совершенствование инфраструктуры), financial arrangements, and (строительство) of the superstructure.

Speaking

Task 1 Define what research in tourism is. Use the following words and word-combinations:

different methods of research

to collect data and to gather travel statistics

arrival and departure cards, a questionnaire

to determine the social impact of tourism on an area

to find out the purpose of the trip or the tourist's reactions on his vacation

Task 2 Divide the text into logical parts and entitle each of them.

Task 3 Work in pairs.

A. Look at the following words and phrases and think up a story that might combine them all. You may reorder them in any way you want using any form of the verb.

to determine the social impact of tourism on an area

to become almost a prerequisite

to undertake tourist development

to have the negative effect on some places

the tourist industry in.

...resorts was unplanned

rapid expansion

to cause antagonism between tourists and local citizens

the gap between the income of the local people and tourists

to reinforce this strain by racial and political tensions

rudeness to guests and violence against tourist and hotels

B. When you have decided upon the story, tell it to your partner. Then listen to that of your partner. Ask each other as many questions as you can to learn further details or clarify some points.

Task 4 Give summaries of the logical parts you have divided the text into.

Task 5 Speak individually or arrange a discussion on the following.

• Does the Russian government encourage tourism?

• How is tourism regulated in Russia?

• Who carries on statistical research on tourism in Russia?

• Is the participation of the Russian government in tourism adequate?

Additional reading

Task 1 Read the text and translate it. For help see the vocabulary notes that follow the text.

The number of Russians travelling abroad grew 64% last year (2000) to 4.2 million - 167, 000 more than pre-crisis 1997, government figures show. Coming the other way, the number of people visiting Russia last year grew 15% to 2.2 million, just a few thousand short of the record 1997 total.

Including citizens from the Commonwealth of Independent States, as many as 21 million people visited Russia last year, according to recent report by the department of strategic tourism development of the Economic Development and Trade Ministry.

However, the figures are not exact because the statistics were compiled from border control records, unlike in other countries where a full range of indicators exists.

Nevertheless, tourism on both sides is en the rise, according to tourist agencies.

Including trips to CIS countries, the ministry said that as many as 18 million Russians traveled abroad last year (2000). Excluding the CIS, the top destination was Poland, where nearly 1 million Russians traveled, followed by China and Turkey.

In Western Europe, the most popular destinations were Spain with 111, 000 and Italy with 106, 000. France hosted 61, 000 Russian tourists, while only 25, 000 visited Britain. Other popular destinations include Egypt with 114, 000, Cyprus with 109, 000 and the United Arab Emirates with 89, 000. Spain, Turkey and Cyprus are most popular in the summer, while Egypt and the United Arab Emirates are usually visited in the winter. Vacations abroad and at home cost roughly the same and Russian people are choosing the former.

The number of incoming tourists rose last year (2000). The largest number of visitors, or 741, 000, came from Poland, followed by Finland, with roughly half of that. Rounding out the top 10, in order, were Germany, China, the United States, Italy, Latvia, Britain, Lithuania and France.

Business travel to Russia rose by 9% to almost 2 million people.

The Moscow Times, April 20, 2001