Задание №1

Переведите текст и письменно ответьте на вопросы к нему.

“Electric shock. Safety Electric System.”

The strength of current depends on both the voltage and on the resistance in a circuit. A current of 50 ma id a dangerous for a man, it may result in an electric shock. One gets an electric shock in case one touches live conductors when the power is on. And a current of 100 ma and higher is lethal. Thus, before working on a circuit, deenergize it and work on it with the power off.

Earthing system serves to protect attending personnel from electric shocks when voltage appears on parts that are normally dead. The risk of an electric shock decreases with decreasing voltage. In wet and hot atmosphere the risk of electric shock increases. Safe voltage for circuits used in dry atmosphere is under 36 V. When the power is on contracts with live conductors are dangerous for life. When a live conductor is touched with both hands the resistance of the conductor is from 10, 000 to 50, 000 ohms. When a live conductor is touched with one hand the resistance is much higher.The higher is the body resistance, the smaller is the current that flows through the body. Take it into consideration and work with one hand if the power is on! Or work on the circuit with the power off!

Thus measures are taken to protect attending personnel from contacts with live parts of installations under voltage.

The danger of electric shock disappears provided the metal parts of installations under voltage are connected with ground by means of safety earthing. Connecting to ground is made by means of measuring devices. The faulty parts should be detected,

eliminated, and replaced by new ones.

Вопросы к тексту:

1) What does the strength of current depend on?

2) What does electric shock result from?

3) What does an earthing system serve for?

4) In what case does the risk of electric shock decrease?

Задание № 2. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык:

protection from an electric shock, dangerous, safe, earthing system, voltage, the strength of current, overhead and underground lines, conductors, transmission lines, to transmit by power networks, power consumption.

Вариант № 11

Задание №1. Переведите текст и письменно ответьте на вопросы к нему.

" Michael Faraday."

Michael Faraday, one of the greatest men of science, had little chance to get an application. His father was a blacksmith, and Faraday was born to work with his hands too. When thirteenth years of age, he went as apperentice to learn bookbinding. He read many of the books he had to bind. Once when binding an encyclopedia he ran across an article on electricity.It struck his imagination and aroused his interest.

With the little money he could save, he bought a cheap and simple apparatus and set to make experiments.He attended the lectures of Hamphry Davy, an outstanding scientist and the most popular lecturer in London at that time. It was Davy whoheped Faraday to become assistant at the laboratory of the Royal Institute and to get a profound knowledge of the subject. While still an assistant, he helped Davy to create a safety lamp for miners. He learned chemistry, he was working on the problem of turning gases into liquids. An important discovery of Faraday was that of benzol which he separated from condensed oil gas, and which since then found worl-wide application. For several years he is known to have been working at the problem of a perfect optical glass and to have made a glass that greatly improved the telescope.

Yet the problem of electricity and magnetism interested him above all. All the scientific world had known by that time if a current is run through a copper wire wound around a piece of iron, the iron becomes a magnet. If electricity magnetizes, why won't mafnetism electrify? That was the question Faraday asked himself over and over. For a long time he tried different experiments to solve the problem. At last in 1831 he made his major discovery in the field of electricity – the electromagnetic induction.

Among a number of other discoveries he is also known to have measured electric current for the first time, and to have made several important observations on the conductivity of different materials.

Faraday was one of those great men who made possible the age of electricity in which we live, all the marvels it brings us and all those it may bring to the future generations.

Вопросы к тексту:

1) Who was M. Faraday?

2) What struck his imagination while working as a binder?

3) What was his first important discovery?

4) When did Faraday discover the electromagnetic induction?

Задание №2 Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык:

to strike, conductivity, to bind, application, to improve, education, assistant at the laboratory, the problem of electricity and magnetism, to measure, to turn gases into liquids, a perfect optical glass, all scientific world, to run through a copper wire, to enjoy world-wide popularity.

«Грамматический блок«заданий для IVкурса (общие задания для всех вариантов)