Задание № 3.

Поставьте предложения в пассивную форму, полученные предложения переведите:

1) We are building a new railway line in this region.

2) Railway engineers designed a lot of most productive facilities.

3) The government granted some money to renew the equipment and the roadbed of all the railroads.

4) The plant will increase its capital investment in equipment and structures.

5) R.K.Frolov constructed a line with cast iron rails in the Altai Mountains in 1809.

6) R.F. Frolov used elliptical rails instead of angular ones.

7) They are repairing the car now.

8) I have translated the whole text.

9) The agent informed the buyers about the arrival of the steamer.

10) We have built a new metro line in this city by the end of the year.

Вариант № 4

Задание №1. Переведите текст и ответьте на вопросы:

“The diesel traction”

The advance of transportation took a long time and scores of talented engineers did all in their power to develop the transportation system people have now at their disposal. But man never stops at what he had reached, and what seems fantastic today turns out to be quite realizable tomorrow.

The idea of creating a new kind of motive power for locomotives interested Russian scientists and engineers long ago. Great contribution to the solution of this problem was made by the Higher Technical School in Moscow later named after N.E.Bauman. Thus Prof. Grenetevsky designed an original diesel engine to meet the requirements of railway sendee while A.N.Shelest proposed a project of an original diesel locomotive and patented it in Russia and England. Nevertheless, in pre-revolutionary Russia these as well as many other projects were not realized.

The transport difficulties in the early twenties made railway engineers turn their attention to diesel traction. As a result, large-scale research and experimental work was done despite the great economic difficulties the young Soviet Republic faced at that period.

We may consider November 6, 1924 to be the birthday of the world's first main-line diesel-electric locomotive. This, 1, 000 hp unit was built to Prof. Gakkel's design. Field tests showed the task of creating a practical main-line locomotive had been largely solved.

The diesel locomotive is more expensive to build and maintain than the electric of equal power since the diesel locomotive carries a power plant on itself. In addition, the diesel engine is an air pollutant prime mover, so the diesel traction should not be recommended for use on suburban lines round large cities. Noise and vibration are also considered the drawbacks of the diesel locomotive. Another disadvantage of the diesel locomotive is that the diesel engine runs on organic fuel the supplies of which are not inexhaustible.

Diesel traction is normally employed today on non-electrified trunk lines and on lines where traffic is not dense enough to justify electrification. I addition, it is the diesel traction which is particularly suitable for switching services for the diesel locomotive is not connected to the overhead wires and can easily and rapidly perform its switching duties.

Вопросы к тексту:

1. Who was interested in the development of a new kind of motive power?

2. What did Professor Grenetevsky design to meet the requirements of railway service?

3. What date can we consider the birthday of the world's first main-line diesel-electric locomotives?

4. Why is the diesel locomotive more expensive to build and maintain?

5. Why isn't it recommended to use diesel traction on suburban lines?

6. What are the drawbacks of diesel traction?

7. Why is diesel traction suitable for switching service?

8. What kind of fuel do diesel locomotives burn?

9. Which technical school made great contribution to the solution of the problem of tractive power?

10. What did the talented Russian engineers devote their lives to?

Задание №2. Переведите следующие словосочетания:

high-load capacity, railway network, high speed train, station platform, traffic safety, control system, traffic lights.

Задание №3. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык:

1) The diesel engine burns fuel in the cylinder. The power used to move the train is known as motive power

2) In the fifties diesel traction was introduced as a new kind of motive power on railways. Diesel locomotives are the best for switching work.

3) Diesel locomotive performs its duty quickly and efficiently. Diesel traction is associated with the name of Rudolf Diesel.

4) The diesel engine belongs to the class of internal-combustion engines in which the fuel is burnt inside the engine itself. The diesel engine can be started within a minute or two in any weather.

5) The diesel locomotives are capable of developing a high tractive effort at low speeds/ Rudolf Diesel was one of the creators of the first real diesel locomotive.

6) Powerful diesel locomotives are capable of developing a high tractive effort at low speeds. Self-propelled diesel trains are widely used on suburban lines with light traffic.

7) Diesel engines are largely used for heavy duties including railway traction. Modern railways use a great number of devices to simplify the operation of trains.

8) Rudolf Diesel believed that his engine would find wide application on railways. Our country started a mass production of diesel from the fifties.

9) Diesel locomotives can compete with electric ones on lines where traffic is not dense. Diesel can easily and rapidly perform their switching duties.

10) Diesel locomotive is not connected to the overhead wires. The locomotives used for sorting operations are known as switching locomotives.

Вариант№ 5

Задание №1. Переведите текст и ответьте на вопросы: