C) Retell the Text.

GR EAT CIVIL ENGINEERS ____________

SECTION 1 VOCABULARY AND WORD STUDY

1. Read and memorize the active vocabulary to the text " Vladimir G. Shukhov" and translate the given sentences.

1. tower [Чаиэ] п — башня; небоскреб, высотное здание
broadcasting tower ['bro: dka: stin] — радиобашня

The Eiffel Toweris an 1889 iron tower located in Paris that has become one of the most recognizable structures in the world. There are over 4, 000 tower blocks, homes for about 800, 000 people.

2. flank [flzerjk] v — располагать по бокам, примыкать The central street is flanked'by two slender octagonal towers.

3. curve [кэ: v] n — кривая; закругление

The weight is distributed along the curve of the arch.

4. roof [ru: f] n — крыша, кровля, кровельное покрытие
roofer n — кровельщик

The concrete roof of the new four-storey building was put on. Roofers work outdoors and at heights, and use ladders and scaffolding.

5. stress n — (механическое) напряжение
Building designers have to know about stress.

30 Английский язык для студентов строительных специальностей

UNIT 2. GREAT CIVIL ENGINEERS 31

6. deform [di'fccm] v —деформировать(ся), коробить(ся)
deformation n — деформация

Heat deforms plastics. The amount and character of the deformations are connected with the chemical composition and physical structure of engineering materials.

7. beam [bi: m] n — балка

straight beam [ streit] — прямая балка

Beams are very important members in many structures.

8. shell n — оболочка, каркас, обшивка

grid (lattice) shell ['lastis] — сетчатая (решетчатая) обо­лочка

After the fire, all that was left was the burned-out shell of the building. As grid shells became more popular new solutions were developed in terms of choice of material. The Shukhov Tower experiences minimum wind load due to its lattice shell structure.

9. metal structure — металлическая конструкция

The metal structures of the building were assembled on the site.

10. cause [ko: z] v — быть причиной, вызывать Unsatisfactory organization of work causes delays.

11. tensile ['tensail] adj — работающий на растяжение

An earthquake may move the arch and cause tensile forces in it.

12. storey ['sto: n] n — этаж

All buildings of the factory were two-storey buildings.

13. vault [vo: lt] n v — свод; возводить свод
vaulting n — свод, возведение свода

glass vaulting — стеклянный свод high-pitch vaulting — высокий свод

The vault and the dome were evolved in the East. The center piece of this large complex is a five-storey brick house with internally cast-iron columns and brick vaulting.

14. concrete ['korjkri: t] n adj— бетон; бетонный Concrete is capable of withstanding high temperatures.

15. truss [trAs] n — ферма

steel truss — стальная ферма

It is necessary to place trusses to carry the ends of the beams.

16. high rising (rise) building ['raizirj] — высотное здание

A high-rise building is defined as a building 35 meters or greater in height, which is divided into occupiable levels.

17. innovation [^inau'veifn] n — нововведение, новшество
bring innovations — вводить новшества

innovative finaveitiv] adj — новаторский, передовой

The new system in the university canteen was a welcome innovation. Some innovations were brought to construction. A number of innovative fa3ade systems are available including composite panels.

18. develop [di'velap] v — разрабатывать, развивать
development n — развитие, разработка; застройка

A laminate has been developed which is suitable for both inside and outside use. It has developed into a very large city. He had some important developments in building construction. The new development modifies an existing environment.

32 Английский язык для студентов строительных специальностей

19. support [sa'port] nv — опора; поддерживать, подпирать

A simple beam is one that lies on two supports at the ends. Beams are used to support floors in buildings.

20. locate [bu'keit] v — располагать, назначать место
(syn.) place v — помещать, размещать

The entrance to the house is located on the south side. The frames are placed'between end walls and spaced at 3 metre centres.

2. Read and translate the following international words. Look
up their transcriptions in the dictionary if necessary. Mind the
part of speech.

Architect n, analysis n, industrial adj, innovation n, gallery n, hyperboloid n, hyperbolic adj, calculation n, membrane n, optimal adj, theoretical adj, reservoir n, barge n, protection n, transmission n, cylindrical adj, elite adj, arch n, arcade n, terminal n, originally adv, gigantic adj, parabola n, grandiose adj, rotation n.

3. Match the pairs of antonyms from A and В and translate
them.

A

1. improve a. high rising building

2. rigid b. innovative

3. low rising building с high-pitch vaulting

4. straight d. deform

5. solid e. development

6. regressive f. tensile

7. stoppage g. curve

8. low-pitch vaulting h. lattice

UNIT 2. GREAT CIVIL ENGINEERS