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Construction Projects

In the fields of architecture and civil engineering, construction is a process that consists of the building or assembling of infrastructure. Far from being a single activity, large scale construction is a feat of multitasking. Normally the job is managed by the project manager and supervised by the construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project architect.

For the successful execution of a project, effective planning is essential. Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure in question must consider the environmental impact of the job, the successful scheduling, budgeting, site safety, availability of materials, logistics, inconvenience to the public caused by construction delays, preparing tender documents, etc. In general, there are two types of construction: building construction and industrial construction. Each type of construction project requires a unique team to plan, design, construct, and maintain the project.

Building construction is the process of adding structure to real property. The vast majority of building construction projects are small renovations, such as addition of a room, or renovation of a bathroom. The owner of the property often acts as labourer, paymaster, and design team for the entire

Английский язык для студентов строительных специальностей

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project. However, all building construction projects include some elements in common — design, financial, and legal considerations. Many projects of varying sizes reach undesirable end results, such as structural collapse, cost overruns, and/or litigation reason. Those with experience in the field make detailed plans and maintain careful oversight during the project to ensure a positive outcome.

Residential construction technologies and resources must conform to local building authority regulations and codes of practice. Materials readily available in the area generally dictate the construction materials used (e.g. brick versus stone or timber). The cost of construction on a per square metre basis for houses can vary dramatically based on site conditions, local regulations, economies of scale (custom designed homes are always more expensive to build) and the availability of skilled workers. Residential and all other types of construction can generate a lot of waste, careful planning is needed again here.

The popular method of residential construction in the United States is wood framed construction. As efficiency codes have come into effect in recent years, new construction technologies and methods have emerged. University Construction Management departments are on the cutting edge of the newest methods of construction intended to improve efficiency, performance and reduce construction waste.

Industrial construction, though a relatively small part of the entire construction industry, is a very important component. Owners of these projects are usually large, for-profit, industrial corporations. These corporations can be found in such industries as medicine, petroleum, chemical, manufacturing, etc. Processes in these industries require highly specialized expertise in planning, design, and construction. As in building and heavy/highway construction, this type of construction requires a team of individuals to ensure a successful project.

SECTION 4 LISTENING AND SPEAKING

23. Listen to the Text " Buildings: First Impressions".

Study the following commentary:

Hampton Court Palace — дворец с парком на берегу реки Темзы близ Лондона, королевская резиденция до 1760 г.