Английский язык для студентов строительных специальностей

UNIT 1

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

SECTION 1 VOCABULARY AND WORD STUDY

1. Read and memorize the active vocabulary to the text " Building Engineering as a Discipline" and translate the given sentences.

1. build (built) [bild] v — строить

building n — здание, строение, сооружение; строитель­ство

building design [di'zain] — проектирование зданий They build new houses in that area. Types of buildings may be

classified according to the role in the community. Modern building

constitutes a vital element of national industry.

2. construct [kan'strAkt] v — строить, сооружать
construction [ksn'strgkfn] n — строительство, стройка
building construction — домостроение

They are planning to construct a new supermarket near our house. The factors that condition the selection of materials for construction include availability, cost and physical properties. During building construction, several things went wrong.

3. building engineering [, end3i'ni3rm] -- строительство граж­данских зданий
civil engineering ['sivl] — гражданское строительство structural engineering ['strAktfral] — проектирование зда­ний и сооружений

Building science and building engineering are fields of study concerned with the technical performance of buildings, building materials, and building systems. I am doing a civil engineering course at the university, which is very hard, but I am really enjoying it. Structural engineering has made rapid strides in the last century.

4. air-conditioning ['eaksn.dijnin] n — кондиционирование
air-conditioner n — кондиционер

Buildings have air-conditioning. There are many similarities in the way an air-conditioner -works to the way a refrigerator works.

5. mean [mi: n] (meant [ment]) v— значить; подразумевать
means [mi: nz] n — средство, способ; ресурсы

by means of — посредством

The red light means " Stop". They didn't provide me with any means of transport. The tests were marked by means of a computer.

6. diverse [dai'vs: s] яа^'— разнообразный, разный
diversity [dai'v9: siti] n — разнообразие, многообразие

The growing building industry offers diverse job opportunities. He has a great diversity of interests.

7. impact ['impa? kt] — n воздействие, влияние

The computer has had (made) a great impact on modern life.

8. measure ['тезэ] — п умера; измерять, иметь размеры
measurement ['тезэтэпг] п — размер, измерение

We take certain measures to reduce the consumption of the material. She measured the table. This table measures two metres

Английский язык для студентов строительных специальностей

UNIT 1. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

by one metre. We can find the size of something by means of measurement.

9. vary ['vean] v — менять, изменять, варьировать

various ['vearias] adj — различный, разный, разнооб­разный variety [va'raiati] n — разнообразие

Steel varies considerably in its microstructure. The demand for various building materials is enormous. A wide variety of mass-produced elements are now available.

10. maintain [mem'tern] v — обслуживать, содержать в ис­
правности, поддерживать, сохранять, содержать
maintenance ['meintanans] n — уход, содержание в ис­
правности, текущий ремонт, поддержка, содержание,
сохранение

Some floor materials are easy to maintain. These operations involve the construction, maintenance of structures, grounds, and so on.

11. structure ['strAktfa] n — конструкция, сооружение, стро­
ение, здание, конструкция

building structure — строительная конструкция, здание

Wood structures were very common in earlier times. The more insulation we provide, the more the building structure costs.

12. foundation [faun'deijn] n — фундамент

First they laid the foundation, and then they built the walls.

13. computer-aided design (CAD) [kam, pju: ta(r)'eidid] — ав­томатизированное проектирование

Today, the use of Computer-Aided Design techniques has revolutionised design and construction processes within the industry.

14. facility [fa'sihti] n — устройство, приспособление, обо­
рудование; сооружение; {pi.) условия, возможности,
средства

A new facility had been built just outside the city to process all the sewage. The new factory has enabled to bring research and development activities under the same roof as all production facilities.

15. perform [pa'fom] v — исполнять, выполнять, совершать
performance [pa'fomans] и — производительность, эф­
фективность, кпд; эксплуатационные характеристики;
работа

They perform a considerable amount of building work at the factory. This enables us to ensure the good performance of the beams.

16. utility [ju: 'tihti] n — (pl.) инженерные сети; коммуналь­
ные услуги; коммунальные предприятия обслуживания
(сооружения)

conservation utility [, konsa'veifn] — управление по охра­не природы и рационального природопользования

The introduction of urban utilities improved life in the city.

17. survey ['sa: vei] [sa'vei] n v — топографическая съемка
(служба); производить топографическую съемку, меже­
вать

surveying n — съемка, промер, картирование surveyor [sa'veia] n — геодезист, маркшейдер

Surveys are made for many purposes, such as the determination of areas, and the plotting of maps. They started to survey the piece of land that the new motorway will pass through. Surveying is employed to measure and locate lines and angles on the surface of the earth. Many new instruments are employed to facilitate the surveyor's work.