Unit 2. Great civil engineers

j 35

6. Read and translate the following groups of sentences paying
attention to the words in italics which can function as a noun
and a verb, or a verb and an adjective, or a noun and an adjective,
with the same form. They can have similar or different meanings.
Look up your dictionary if necessary.

1. a. Did the speaker stress the need for better education?
b. Stress can lead to the building collapsing.

с They place too much stress on money and position.

2. a. He mentioned the cause of structural failure.

b. These facts cause an increase in the span of the beam, с Don't stay away without good cause.

3. a. They should concrete the garden path.

b. This caused the expansion of the concrete floor, с The walk was paved with concrete.

4. a. Beams of light penetrated the darkness.

b. The transmitter beams radio waves all over the country.

c. A frame consists of beams and columns with
foundation.

5. a. Various materials can be used to construct a water

tower. b. The high mountains tower over the little town, с Piles were driven for a platform to support a tower

crane.

7. Study the following patterns showing the ways some nouns
are formed from verbs and adjectives, and some adverbs are formed
from adjectives. Complete the charts. Some of the missing words
are from the texts of the Unit. Read and translate them into
Russian. Use your dictionary to help you with the pronunciation.

Pattern 4

Verb/Adjective + -ance/-ence -> Noun

The -ance/-ence suffixes are used for an action, or quality of something.

Example: accept -принимать -»acceptance — принятие

depend — зависеть -4 dependence — зависимость

Noun

Verb/Adjective

resist

appear

elegant

abundant

important

exist

occur

absent

convenient

different

Pattern 5 Verb + -ure -»Noun

The -ure suffix is used for an act or condition of something.

Example: fail — разрушаться -> failure — разрушение

Noun

Verb

depart

disclose

please

expose

mix

close

2*

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Английский язык для студентов стро ительных специальностей

Pattern 6 Adjective + -ly -> Adverb

Example: exact — точный -> exactly — точно

Adjective Adverb

independent _______________

correct_____________________________

equal_______________________________

cheap

obvious_____________________________

proper

frequent____________________________

rapid