Lesson 2. Text A. Water sources

Water supply is the most important factor in selecting the proper location for an aquaculture facility. Aquatic organisms depend upon water for all their needs. Fish need water in which to breathe, eat, grow and reproduce. Large quantities of water must be available year-round. If water is not available all the time, but there is some way to store it, then that site still may be suitable. So water must be always available and in good supply. Water sources can be classified as: wells, springs, groundwater, streams, rivers, lakes and municipal. Of these seven possible sources, wells and springs rank the highest in terms of overall quality. Wells and springs are usually uncontaminated and have no unwanted fish or fish eggs. The only drawbacks to well and spring water are their low concentrations of dissolved oxygen (which fish need to breathe) and their high concentrations of dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide and metals such as iron. These problems can be overcome. An example of a specialized use of well water is the warm water from geothermal wells being used to grow tropical food fish in non-tropical areas. Groundwater sometimes is used where ponds are dug into existing water table. This type of pond is generally less productive than ponds filled from other sources because of the low productivity of the surrounding soil. Streams, rivers and lakes also can be used to produce aquatic organisms, but they are subject to any contaminations that could wash in from the surrounding watershed. Unwanted fish or fish eggs must be filtered from these existing water bodies.

Comprehension check-up

1.5. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following English words:

Supply, facility location, need, quantity, site suitable, source, well, spring, groundwater, stream, drawback, iron, pond, soil, watershed, advantage, impact, cost, waterway, discharge.

1.6. Give English equivalents to the following Ukrainian words:

Водопостачання, розміщення, потреба, господарство, кількість, доступність, джерело, підземна вода, струмок, криниця, забруднення, поверхня, витрати, порушувати.

Match the words from the left box to those which are in the right one and you will get specific word-combinations.Translate them.

Using the phrases from exercise 1.7 find in the text sentences with them.Translate these sentences.