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Задание 3. Закончите следующие предложения, используя текст“Transmissions with Fluid Couplings”.
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1. The introduction of synchronizing devices such as the synchromesh was....
2. However, it was still necessary to operate a clutch….
3. To eliminate this sort of sudden jarring change in the power - flow pattern....
4. The fluid coupling couples....
5. The fluid coupling is....
Задание 4. Найдите ответ, соответствующий содержанию текста.
1. What purpose does the fluid coupling serve?
2. What can make gear shifting easier?
3. What problem did fluid couplings help to solve?
4. How do the fluid couplings operate?
Задание 5. Передайте содержание текста на английском языке, используя вопросы задания 4 как план пересказа.
При ответе используйте следующие выражения:
the text is about...; the main subject of the text is...; I know that...; as for the problem of...; it should bе noted that...; it is worth mentioning...; the key problem of the text is....
Текст 25
Задание 1. Слушайте и повторяйте:
| torque reduce whereas impeller rotor rear differential purpose joint spring | [tɔ: k] [ri′ dju: s] [weə r′ æ z] [im′ pelə ] [′ rə utə ] [riə ] [diʃ ə ′ renʃ ə l] [′ pə: pə s] [′ dʒ ɔ int] [spriŋ ] | вращающий момент уменьшать, сокращать тогда, как раб. колесо, импеллер (крыльчатка) ротор, рабочее колесо задний дифференциал цель соединение, стык, шов пружина, рессора | |
| couple expose housing | [′ kʌ pl] [iks′ pə uz] [′ hauziŋ ] | соединять, спаривать, сцеплять оставлять незащищенным чулок (заднего моста), картер, коробка | |
Задание 2. Найдите соответствующий вариант перевода каждого английского словосочетания:
A. Torque converter; fluid flywheel; driving element; driven element; propeller shaft; fixed element; output shaft; drive line; rear wheels; universal joint; slip joint; driving shaft; car frame; angle drive; solid shaft; hollow shaft.
B. Полый вал; задние колеса; ведущий элемент; преобразователь крутящего момента; гидромуфта; карданный вал; сплошной (массивный) вал; ведомый элемент; неподвижный (стационарный) элемент; коренной (ведущий вал); выходной вал; передача под углом; универсальный шарнир; рама автомобиля; скользящее (подвижное) соединение; линия передачи.
Задание 3. Прочтите текст " Torque Converters" и, выделив смысловые части, озаглавьте каждую из них.
TORQUE CONVERTERS
A torque converter is a device which performs a function similar to that of a gear box, namely, to increase the torque, while reducing the speed, but whereas a gear box provides only a small number of fixed ratios, the torque converter provides a continuous variation of ratio from the lowest to the highest.
Constructionally a torque converter is somewhat similar to a fluid flywheel from which it differs in one important aspect, namely, in having three principal components instead of only two. Torque converters all consist of the driving element or impeller which is connected to the engine, the driven element or rotor which is connected to the propeller shaft, and the fixed element or reaction member which is fixed to the frame. It is the last element which makes it possible to obtain a change of torque between input and output shafts and, fluid flywheel, which does not have any fixed member, cannot produce any change of torque.
Drive lines. Drive lines, in automobiles, consist of the driving connection between the transmission and the driving mechanism at the rear wheels (the differential). The purpose of the drive line is to carry the driving power from the transmission to the rear wheels. It consists of the propeller shaft, a universal joint (or joints) and a slip joint.
Function of propeller shaft. The propeller shaft is a driving shaft that connects the transmission main or output shaft to the differential at the rear axles. Rotary motion of the transmission main or output shaft carries through the propeller shaft causing the rear wheels to rotate. The propeller shaft design must take into consideration two facts: first, the engine and transmission are more or less rigidly attached to the car frame; second, the rear-axle housing (with wheels and differential) is attached to the frame by spring. As the rear wheels encounter irregularities in the road, the springs compress or expand. This changes the angle of the drive between the propeller and transmission shafts. It also changes the distance between the transmission and the differential. If the propeller shaft may take care of these two changes, it must incorporate two separate types of device. There must be one or more universal joints to permit variations in the angle of drive. There must also be a slip joint that permits the effective length of the propeller shaft to change.
The propeller shaft may be solid or hollow, protected by an outer tube or exposed. Some applications include bearings at or near the propeller-shaft center to support the shaft. On some applications the propeller shaft is in two or more sections often supported by bearings and coupled together by universal joints.