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The term 'civil law' contrasts with both 'common law' and 'criminal law'. In the first sense of the term, civil law refers to a body of law 1) ___________ written legal codes derived from fundamental normative principles. Legal 2) ____________ are settled by reference to this code, which has been arrived at through 3) ____________. Judges are 4) _____________ the written law and its 5) ____________. In contrast, common law was originally developed through 6) ____________ at a time before laws were written down. Common law is based on 7) _____________created by judicial decisions, which means that past 8) _______________ are taken into consideration when cases are decided. It should be noted that today common law is also 9) _____________, i. e. in written form. In the second sense of the term, civil law is distinguished from criminal law, and refers to the body of law dealing with 10) ________________ matters, such as

breach of contract.

5. Which body of law, civil law or common law, is the basis of the legal system of your jurisdiction?

Какая совокупность правовых норм, гражданское право или общее право, является основой правовой системы Вашей юрисдикции?

6. Read the following short texts, which each contain a word used to talk about types of laws. In which kind of document do you think each appeared? Match each text (1-5) with its source (a-e).

Прочитайте следующие короткие тексты, каждый из которых содержит слово, употребляемое в отношении видов права. Как Вы думаете, в каких документах каждое из слов появилось? Сопоставьте каждый текст (1-5) с его источником (a-e).

1. The new UK Working Hours Directive is reported to be causing controversy amongst the medical profession.

2. When a statute is plain and unambiguous, the court must give effect to the intention of the legislature as expressed, rather than determine what the law should or should not be.

3. The purpose of this Ordinance is to regulate traffic upon the Streets and Public Places in the town of Hanville, New Hampshire, for the promotion of the safety and welfare of the public.

4. These workplace safety and health regulations are designed to prevent personal injuries and illnesses from occurring in the workplace.

5. MrSpeaker, I am pleased to have the opportunity to present the Dog Control Amendment Bill to the House. It is a further milestone in meeting the changing expectations we have about what is responsible dog ownership.

a) court ruling;

b) local government document;

c) newspaper;

d) parliamentary speech;

e) brochure for employees.