Characteristics of Ancient India

QUESTION 11

1. Harappan civilization.

2. Vedic period.

3. Magadh - Mauriysk erа

1. One of the oldest civilizations in the world has developed more than four thousand years ago in the Indus Valley. Capitals of political groups in III millennium and. e. hundred-

Do Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro - big cities, the centers of handicraft production and trade. Reliable information about the class structure and political organization of this time did not reach us, but we know what happened here disintegration of the primitivetion system, the principles of social stratification of the population.

By the middle of the II millennium BC. e. began to decline Harappan civilizationtion, which ended with the arrival of Indo-Aryan tribes.

2. Period of Ancient India from the middle of the II millennium BC. e. to the first half of I millennium BC. e. called Vedic.

This period is marked by the formation of class society and the state - Major advances in production led to separation society to increase social inequality. Guide the tribe to carry out military leader - Raja, initially Assign meeting. With the increase in social inequality it gradually rise above tribe, dominating bodies tribe- governance. Over time, the position of the Raja is hereditary Noah.

With the increasing power of the Raja for the decline the role of the meettions: gradually public meetings, appoints Raju lost its role and became fellow of the Assembly meeting of value, approached Raja.

Tribal bodies develop into state administration bodies, HN. Slave-owning aristocracy held senior positions in the public Authority. Breeding squad becomes permanent army. People are taxed, which are paid by the king Through special officials.

Thus, in the Vedic period, on the basis of tribal collectivism Islands began erupting public education, taking form of monarchies or republics. For the most part of their territory was small.

3. In Magadha Mauriysk -era laid the foundation for many state institutions, developed in subsequent periods. It is so called because the largest and most powerful state-States arising from the Vedic period was Magadha, and the highest-of prosperity in this country has reached IV - III centuries. BC. e. dynasty Maurya Empire, which united under his rule most of the territory of India.

This era is characterized by strengthening the monarchy, as well as the role of institutions of tribal governance.

Although the creation of a united Indian state contributed communication of different nations, and interaction of their cultures, blurring narrow tribal framework, but the Mauryan empire consisted of tribes and nations are at different stages of development. Therefore Mauro wells failed to preserve the unity of the state - in the II. BC. e. India, in spite of a strong army and a strong management apparatus, split for many public entities.

QUESTION 12.