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The use of the Gerund
In Modern English the Gerund is widely used and competes with the Infinitive. The Gerund is used after:
| 1.Verbs followed by prepositions: | ||
| accuse of apologize for approve of blame smb for forgive for congratulate on count on depend on hear of inform of | insist on object to persist in prevent from result in stop from succeed in suspect smb of thank for think of | They succeeded in findinga good flat. Can you stop the child from gettinginto mischief? Thank you for coming. He was accused of having brokenthe law. I insisted on his comingwith us. Who is to blame for startingthe fire? Are you thinking of buyinga house? I apologize for beingso awkward. |
| 2.Nouns used with prepositions: | ||
| art of chance of difficulty (in) experience in habit of harm of idea of importance of interest in means of mistake of | opportunity of plan for point in; of preparation for process of purpose of reason for right of sense of skill in way of | He has no intention of staying. The importance of beingearnest. There is no chance of winning. We had no opportunity of meetinginteresting people there. I have no experience in buildinghouses. There are different ways of solvingthis problem. Do you have any reason for sayingsuch a thing? |
| 3.Phrasal verbs: | ||
| burst out leave off give up | keep on go on put off, etc | He gave up smoking two years ago. She kept on interrupting me while I was speaking. |
| 4.Such verbs as: | ||
| avoid consider delay deny escape excuse fancy finish forgive include | involve justify mind miss postpone practise recall recollect resent risk | Would you mind closingthe door? He denied havingseen this man before. You can hardly avoid meetingher. We've just missed havingnasty accident. They postponed sendingan answer to the request. My work involves filingand typingletters. |
| 5.Word combinations | ||
| be afraid of be angry for be aware of be bored with be busy be capable of be clever at be disappointed at be engaged in be fond of be good/clever at be grateful for can't stand/bear feel like have difficulty in | be guilty of be interested in be keen on be pleased at be proud of be slow at be sorry for be sure of be surprised at be worried about be worth be responsible for be no good be no use | There is no use cryingover spilt milk. He didn't feel like goingout. He couldn't help laughing. She was afraid of falling. He isslow at doingsums. He isinterested in developingthe project. She 'll be sorry for beingrude. □ He is proud of having wonthe chess tournament. He was surprised at having been askedabout it. It's no use worryingabout it. There is nothing you can do. |
| 6. Prepositions | ||
| after before besides instead of | in spite of on without by | Did you have any difficulty in gettinga visa? They ran five miles without stopping. Before goingto bed she locked the door. John went to his office in spite of being ill. |
► NOTES:
It is necessary to distinguish two particularly confusing verb phrases, used to and be