Read the passages below and choose the correct headline for each of them.

A) ____________________

Various types of conservatism generally see the government as a positive power that conveys order out of chaos, establishes laws, punishes vice while encouraging moral virtue, and respects tradition. At times, in this view, the government is seen as something ordained by a higher power, such as a king, which human beings have a duty to obey.

B) _____________________

Although people agreed on certain natural rights, they worried about how those rights could be protected. Locke and others thought about what life would be like in a situation where there was no government and no laws. They called this situation a state of nature. They were afraid that in a state of nature their rights would be taken away.

C) _____________________

Many political viewpoints that are opposed to the existence of a government (such as Anarchism), as well as others, give emphasis to the historical roots of governments as the fact that governments originated from authority who took, by force, certain regions of land as their own. Once they took that land they began to exercise authority over the people of that land. It is argued that governments exist to enforce the will of the strong and dominate the weak.

D) ______________________

The basis for the theory of government shared by most branches of liberalism is natural rights. In this view, human beings are born with certain natural rights, and governments are established to protect those rights. What the natural rights are is a matter of dispute among liberals. Each branch of liberalism has its own set of rights it considers to be natural; sometimes these rights are mutually exclusive with the rights supported with other liberals.

5. Translate these passages into Russian.

In His relationship with man, God has established three institutions for the wellbeing of mankind. These institutions are the family, government, and the church. At different times in history, these authority structures have been more or less influential in the affairs of men. At some times and places, the family was the primary authority; at other times and in some places, it was the church; and at others it was the government. In practically every nation on Earth today, the government is the primary ruling body, and in some cases it has taken the power that rightfully belongs to the family and the church.

Government is a necessity to man. If all of mans laws and constitutions were based on Scriptural principles, then crime and prejudice would be eliminated from our societies, and we would not have to experience injustice, slavery, oppression and war. But the likeliness of all men following the principles is almost nonexistent. Man is too likely to drift from God’s way. Unfortunately, man continues to neglect the principles contained in the Bible.