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Use of the essential vocabulary. Task 2. Memorize the essential vocabulary and translate the sentences containing it: (1) allowance (дозволена кількість) – an amount that is allowed or






Task 2. Memorize the essential vocabulary and translate the sentences containing it:

(1) allowance (дозволена кількість) – an amount that is allowed or granted. The European Union is establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading for the cost-effective reduction of such emissions.
(2) comprehensive (всеосяжний) – including all the necessary facts, details or problems that need to be dealt with. He gave a comprehensive speech on the nuclear threat we are faced with today.
(3) deploy (розгортати, розвивати) – to put into use or action; to distribute (persons or forces) systematically or strategically. Unlike the United States, Britain had no large sparsely-populated desert areas in which to deploy strategic missiles.
(4) deterrent (засіб стримування) – something that makes someone less likely to do something, by making them realize it will be difficult or have bad results. Nuclear deterrent are nuclear weapons that a country has in order to prevent other countries from attacking it.
(5) dilution (ослаблення) – making a quality, belief etc weaker or less effective. Any dilution of standards must be resisted.
(6) disarmament (роззброєння) – when a country reduces the number of weapons it has, or size of the army, navy etc. They called for commitment to worldwide nuclear disarmament.
(7) divulge (розголошувати) – to give out information that should be secret. The Pentagon refused to divulge what type of plane it was.
(8) emission (викид) – a gas or other substance that is sent into the air. Britain agreed to cut emissions of nitrogen oxide from power stations.
(9) feasible (можливий, здійсненний) – possible and likely to work. Disarmament is a feasible solution to the problem of nuclear threat.
(10) flaw (недолік) – a mistake, mark, or weakness that makes something imperfect. Undoubtedly the most serious of flaws in the Non-Proliferation Treaty is its failure to ensure that the US and other nuclear weapons states live up to their commitments to seek to end the nuclear arms race.
(11) flee (утікати) – to leave somewhere very quickly in order to escape danger. He spent six months in prison before fleeing the country.
(12) formidable (потужний, жахливий) – very powerful or impressive and often frightening. Nuclear bombs have formidable force.
(13) fossil fuel (викопне паливо) – a fuel such as coal or oil that is produced by a very gradual decaying of animals or plants over millions of years. Though unpopular, fossil fuel power plants provide many countries of the world with electricity.
(14) harness (використовувати) – to control and use the natural force or power of something. We can harness the power of wind to generate electricity.
(15) inevitable (неминучий) – certain to happen and impossible to avoid. A further escalation of the conflict seems inevitable.
(16) intractability (непіддатливість) – the trait of being hard to influence or control. The President has insisted on solving the Palestine-Israel issue because he knows that extremists benefit so much from its intractability.
(17) intrusive (нав’язливий) – one that intrudes into someone’s life or interrupts in an unwanted and annoying way. Such way of control is too intrusive.
(18) minute (дрібний, незначний) – extremely small. Unfortunately this agreement would only make a minute difference to the environmental situation.
(19) modest (скромний, невеликий) – not very big, great or expensive. The new measures proved a modest success.
(20) promote (сприяти) – to help something to develop or increase. The goal of the meeting was to promote the cooperation between the two countries.
(21) renewable (відновний) – relating to or being a commodity or resource, such as solar energy or firewood, that is inexhaustible or replaceable by new growth. Environmentalists would like to see fossil fuels replaced by renewable energy sources.
(22) rigorous (суворий, ретельний) – careful, thorough and exact. They conducted a rigorous analysis of defence needs.
(23) scarce (недостатній) – insufficient to meet a demand or requirement; short in supply. We can save scarce energy resources by introducing greater efficiency in our homes, workplaces, and vehicles.
(24) try (судити) – to examine and judge a legal case or someone who is thought to be guilty of a crime. The International War Crimes Tribunal at Nuremburg tried the main leadership of the Nazi regime.
(25) underpin (підтримувати, підкріплювати) – to give strength or support to something and to help it succeed. What values do we want to underpin social relations and criminal law?
(26) verification (перевірка) – an instance of confirming something by considering information from several sources; a system of checking for errors. Unfortunately the Biological Weapons Convention does not contain the verification procedures that are so vital if it is to be truly effective.
(27) viable (життєздатний, дієвий) – plan or method that can work successfully. The committee came forward with one viable solution.
(28) whereabouts (місцезнаходження) – the place or area where someone or something is. The police want to know the whereabouts of the illegal immigrant.

Task 3. Match each word in section A with the one of the opposite meaning in section B:

A) divulge; flaw; viable; renewable; rigorous; modest; scarce; promote; formidable; minute; dilution; feasible;

B) conceal; careless; impossible; exhaustible; abundant; impracticable; large; arrogant; prevent; pleasant; merit; concentration.

 

Task 4. Fill in the gaps in the sentences using the words provided below:

inevitable; comprehensive; tried; deploy; whereabouts; flee; promote; disarmament; main; deterrent; renewable; intrusive; feasible; verification; divulge.

 

1. It was plain that they had not intended to … the whereabouts of the criminal – at least, not yet. 2. Fighting has sent a flood of refugees who … from their homes into South Sudan camps, which are struggling to cope with a critical water shortage. 3. The … flaw is that the doctrine simply does not achieve its desired goal. 4. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration in South Sudan is not … under current conditions 5. The secretary general said they were going to … peace troops in the area. 6. The last really serious effort at designing a … international development strategy was the work of the Independent Commission on International Development Issues, chaired by Former West German Chancellor, Willy Brandt, in the late 1970s. 7. We will complete the deployment of the next generation of Britain’s minimum nuclear … 8. I am convinced that any steps that can be taken to explore methods of production which make better and more effective use of … resources are extremely important. 9. They also got a promise from all those who were ready to sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) that they would pursue nuclear … 10. The International War Crimes Tribunal... a lot of political leaders and received wide media coverage. 11. They refused to reveal his … to the police. 12. The police had no time for … of the information about the attack. 13. The international community agrees that the integration process is …. 14. Most people found such policy ….15. You don’t have to sacrifice privacy protection to … security measures.

Task 5. Find the matching definitions for the terms:

1) disarmament a) the process of making weaker or less concentrated;
2) tribunal b) the act of laying down arms, especially the reduction or abolition of a nation’s military forces and armaments;
3) dilution c) additional proof that something that was believed is correct;
4) promotion d) encouragement of the progress, growth, or acceptance of something; furtherance;
5) allowance e) the ability to continue to exist, develop or succeed;
6) verification f) a special court, convened by the government to inquire into a specific matter;
7) viability g) the act of allowing; sanction; toleration;
8) inevitability h) release of somethisg into atmosphere;
9) emission i) the act of ensuring that something does not happen;
10) prevention j) the fact that something is certain to happen and cannot be prevented;

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