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Corporations
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The purpose of a business corporation an institution is making profit. It is operated by individuals. Their shares are represented by stock certificates. A person who owns a stock certificate is called a stockholder.
There are several advantages of the corporate form of ownership. First is the ability to accumulate financial resources. The second advantage — the corporation can raise a large amount of capital and invest in plants, equipment and research. And the third, a corporation can offer higher salaries and thus attract talented managers and specialists.
The privately owned business corporations is one type of corporation. There are some other types too. Educational, religious, charity institutions can also incorporate. Usually such corporations do not issue stocks and are nonprofit. If there is a profit, it is reinvested in the institution rather than distributed among the private stockholders.
In some western countries federal government and special agencies can establish government corporations. A few examples of these are state universities, state hospitals and city owned utilities. Governmental corporations are non-profit as a rule and do not issue stock certificates.
1. The owners of a business corporation are_
A. State
B. Individuals
C. Employees
D. Management
2. A person who owns a stock certificate is called_
A. Stockkeeper
B. Stockowner
C. Stockholder
D. Stockproprietor
3. Each corporation_
A. may issue stock certificate
B. is profitable
C. must issue stock certificates
D. issues stock certificates.
34
XII. Переведите предложения на английский язык.
1. Представление о бизнесе расширилось в настоящее время.
2. Традиционно это слово распространено во многих языках.
3. Производство означает превращение в товары материалов или услуг. 4. Транспортировка — это перемещение товаров от производителя к потребителю. 5. Продажа товаров и услуг — это обмен их на деньги. 6. Обязательным элементом бизнеса есть получение прибыли. 7. Прибыль — это деньги, остающиеся после оплаты всех расходов. 8. Прибыль — главная цель коммерческого предприятия. 9. Существуют три основные формы организации бизнеса. 10. Бизнесом могут заниматься как физические, так и юридические лица.
Тест
XIII. Из четырех предложенных вариантов выберите единственно правильный:
1. References... in the examination room.
A. not used
B. no use
C. are not used
D. don't used
2. This train often leaves... the time on the schedule.
A. late than
B. more late than
C. later
D. later than
3. One should take not only cash....
A. but traveler's checks
B. except traveler's checks
C. but traveler's checks also
D. but also traveler's checks
4. By the next century, the computer... a necessity in every home.
A. will have become
B. becoming
C. has become
D. became
5. I can... tolerate living with my roommates. A. longer
B. no longer
C. not longer
D. none longer
6. We haven't heard from Jim... a year.
A. -
B. since
C. for
D. before
7. Everyone who majors in economics,... History of Economics.
A. study
B. studies
C. have studied
D. studying
8. We are much more concerned... efficiency than expansion.
A. of
B. to
C. with
D. about
9. A good team... of both recruiting and coaching.
A. ace a result
B. it is a result
C. results
D. is a result
10. Could I... your dictionary to check my composition?
A. lend
B. lent
C. borrow
D. borrowed
11. Unfortunately, most of our students are not... the task.
A. adequate
B. adequate as
C. adequate of
D. adequate to
12.Steve was particularly respected... his integrity.
A. of
B. for
C. about
D. with
13...., the company's performance proved to be successful.
A. Wholely
B. Whole
C. As a whole
D. A whole as
14. The article... for tomorrow.
A. translated
B. is translated
C. is to be translated
D. will translated
15. David has studied hard...
A. success
B. succeed
C. for succeed
D. to succeed
16.There is a tendency to select some details and to ignore others.
A. trend
B. prejudice
C. security
D. rumor
17.The present Government has modified this approach.
A. improved
B. changed
C. discovered
D. remembered
18. There was a limit on what we could buy.
A. basement
B. expense
C. boundary
D. supply
19. A balance of international payment refers to the net result of the business a nation carries on with other nations in a given period.
A. cancels
B. appropriates
C. transacts
D. mediates
20. The professor spoke to us in a severe voice.
A. vague
B. harsh
C. diverse
D. covert.
Дополнительные тексты/ диалоги
XIV. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Выпишите и выучите незнакомые слова.
Careers in Business
Business is an increasingly important activity throughout the world today. Consequently, the opportunities for a business career have grown in variety and number. There are now five broad fields of business that offer exciting careers:
• Management (general manager, personnel manager, production manager); l£)L futut
• Marketing (researcher, advertiser, buyer, seller, distributor);
• Accounting (bookkeeper, oublic accountant, private accountant, auditor); p, i*fMcx
• Finance (banker, financial analyst, stockbroker);
• Computers and data processing (computer operator, computer programmer, systems analyst).
Within each of these fields there are specific jobs in which one can specialize. For example, a person working in computers and data processing may specialize in computer programming, computer operating, and systems analysis. The definitions of the five business fields may be as follows: c' о ^еилл -к
Management — the activities guiding a company to reach its objectives.
Marketing — the movement of goods and services from manufacturer to customer to satisfy the customer and achieve the company's goals.
Accounting — the measurement and, communication of financial information.. h{fj $4miW
Finance — the acquisition and utilization of capital to start up, operate, and expand a business.
Data Processing — the handling of large amounts of information concerning business operations.
Business today is full of risk and opportunity. Many people need to plan, prepare, and practice to create a successful business. The task is to minimize risks and make the most of opportunities. But many people entering the business world lack adequate training in such areas as
leadership, communicating requirements and ideas, and working successfully as a member of a team. Employees must be skilled in allocating time, money and other resources needed to carry out a job. They are to be able to evaluate and use new information. They must understand how one task may effect the others. Finally, they have to be able to learn new skills and adapt to changing technology.