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Classification of nutrition-related diseases
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1. Food borne diseases associated with infectious agents and parasites:
Anthrax, brucellosis, tuberculosis, typhoid and paratyphoid fever, shigellosis and other bacterial intestinal infections;
amebiasis, toxoplasmosis, giardiasis, foot and mouth disease, trichinosis, cysticercosis, bothriocephaliasis etc.
2. Food poisoning of microbial and non-microbial etiology.
3. Diseases caused by irrational, unbalanced diets.
3.1. Malnutrition, and lack of proper food: Protein and energy insufficiency, kwashiorkor; marasmus, avitaminosis, anemia.
3.2. Disease from excess feeding: obesity, hypertension.
3.3. Diseases caused by irrational, unbalanced diets: violation of nutritional status; overweight; hyperlipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, hyperglycemia; hypovitaminosis, macro- and microelementosis; atherosclerosis and vascular disease, ischemic heart disease; diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, diseases of the gastro-intestinal tract, gall stones, impaired bone structure and density; cancer; secondary immunodeficiency, tooth decay, gout.
4. Food allergy and intolerance.
5. Congenital metabolic disorders.
Table 4
Criteria for calculating probable risk from insufficient intake of food substances
| Food substances | Level of probable risk | |||||
| No risk | Low | Medium | High | |||
| 2% | 16% | 50% | 84% | 98% | ||
| Proteins, g/kg of body weight, in one day for men & women over the age of 18 | 0.75-1.0 and higher (but not over 1.6) | 0.75 | 0.675 | 0.60 | 0.525 | 0.45 |
| Vit B1, mg/day Men over 18 yrs Women over 18 yrs | 1.2-1.5 1.1-1.5 | 1.2 1.1 | 1.1 1.0 | 1.0 0.9 | 0.9 0.8 | 0.8 0.7 |
| Vit B2, mg/day Men over 18 yrs Women over 18 yrs | 1.3-1.8 1.1-1.8 | 1.3 1.1 | 1.2 1.0 | 1.1 0.9 | 1.0 0.8 | 0.9 0.7 |
| Vit C, mg/day Men and women over 18 yrs | 40-90 | 40.0 | 32.5 | 25.0 | 17.5 | 10.0 |
| Vit A, Mkg eq/day Men over 18 yrs Women over 18 yrs | - | 900.0 700.0 | 762.5 600.0 | 625.0 500.0 | 487.5 400.0 | 350.0 300.0 |
| Calcium, mg/day Men & women over 18 yrs | 700-1000 | 700.0 | 612.5 | 525.0 | 462.5 | 450.0 |
| Iron mg/day Men over 18 yrs Women 18-49 yrs Women over 50 | 8.7-10 14.8-18 - | 8.7 14.8 8.7 | 7.7 13.1 7.7 | 6.7 11.4 6.7 | 5.7 9.7 5.7 | 4.7 8.0 4.7 |
Table 5
Factors preventing vs. factors promoting excessive body weight and obesity (WHO)
| Risk reducing factors | Risk increasing factors |
| Proven | |
| Regular physical activity, | sedentary lifestyle |
| high content of dietary fiber in the diet | Regular consumption of energy-dense foods (including fast food) |
| Highly Probable | |
| Optimization of feeding habits in children | Regular consumption of sweet soft drinks and juices |
| breast-feeding | |
| Probable | |
| Low glycemic index foods * | habit of using large portions |
| Constant catering and general communal eating | |
| Suspected | |
| Limited intake of alcohol and in manageable fractions. | Alcohol abuse |
* The glycemic index is the percentage representing the difference in the concentration of glucose in the blood serum within 2 hours after consumption of a product compared to the same result after consumption of the test product (50 g glucose).
Table 6