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Factors preventing vs. factors promoting osteoporosis in the aged (WHO)
|
|
| Risk reducing factors | Risk increasing factors |
| Proven | |
| Regular physical activity | Hormonal dysfunction |
| Calcium | Alcohol abuse |
| Vitamin D | Low body weight |
| Optimal insolation | |
| Highly probable | |
| Fruits and vegetables | Excessive consumption of salt |
| Soy products | Over-consumption of proteins |
Appendix
Table 10
STANDARD PHYSIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTEINS, FATS, CARBOHYDRATES AND ENERGY
| Group | Age | Energy | Protein | Animal protein | Fat | Carbohydrate |
| Male | ||||||
| 18-29 30-39 40-59 | ||||||
| 18-29 30-39 40-59 | ||||||
| 18-29 30-39 40-59 | ||||||
| 18-29 30-39 40-59 | ||||||
| 18-29 30-39 40-59 | ||||||
| Female | ||||||
| 18-29 30-39 40-59 | ||||||
| 18-29 30-39 40-59 | ||||||
| 18-29 30-39 40-59 | ||||||
| 18-29 30-39 40-59 |
Table 11
Menu plan (per serving) (g)
| Foods | Weight (g) | Protein (g) | Fat(g) | Carbo-hydrate (g) | Energy value|Ccal |
| Meat broth with vermicelli | 3, 5 | 0, 39 | 24, 48 | ||
| Russian cabbage soup with meat broth | 4, 15 | 6, 2 | 19, 4 | ||
| Meat cutlets fried in vegetable oil | 18, 2 | 15, 83 | 13, 79 | ||
| Meat lean cutlets steam | 17, 34 | 5, 75 | 7, 78 | ||
| Beef cooked lean | 18, 6 | 17, 25 | 8, 43 | ||
| Boiled chicken | 10, 4 | 4, 4 | 0, 3 | ||
| A boiled fish | 13.1 | 0, 45 | - | ||
| A fried fish | 13.6 | 10, 4 | 3.7 | ||
| Egg | 6, 09 | 5, 52 | 0, 33 | ||
| Omelet (2 eggs) | 8.05 | 3.57 | 3, 13 | ||
| Cottage cheese with sour cream | 17, 26 | 11.92 | |||
| Milk | 5, 04 | 5, 76 | 7, 3 | ||
| Kefir | 5, 04 | 5, 76 | 7, 3 | ||
| Cheese | 8, 04 | 8, 19 | - | ||
| Porridge semolina | 7.35 | 7.6 | 39, 05 | ||
| Boiled rice | 6.33 | 7.62 | 48, 38 | ||
| Boiled buckwheat | 12.6 | 7.32 | 49.2 | ||
| Boiled vermicelli | 6.45 | 4, 9 | 44.56 | ||
| Boiled millet with pumpkin | 9, 68 | 8, 77 | |||
| Stewed beet | 3.82 | 12.02 | 23.03 | ||
| Boiled potato with vegetable oil | 4, 82 | 4.32 | |||
| Mashed potato | 4, 8 | 6.15 | 40.81 | ||
| Stewed cabbage | 4.25 | 13.64 | |||
| Stewed vegetables | 5.41 | 7.25 | |||
| Salad with sauerkraut | |||||
| Salad with boiled cooked vegetables and vegetable oil | 21.19 | ||||
| Stewed fruits | 0, 17 | - | |||
| Stewed dried fruits | 0, 1 | - | |||
| Apple juice | 0.5 | - | |||
| Tea with sugar | 0, 05 | - | |||
| Coffee with sugar and milk | 3.21 | 3, 63 |
Table 12
Physiological daily requirement in vitamins
| Group | Age | C mg | A mic | E mg | D mic | B1 mg | B2 mg | B6 mg | Nicene mg | Folic ac mic | B12 mic |
| Male | |||||||||||
| I | 18-59 | 70, 0 | 1000, 0 | 10, 0 | 2, 5 | 1, 2 | 1, 5 | 2, 0 | 16, 0 | 200, 0 | 3, 0 |
| II | 18-59 | 70, 0 | 1000, 0 | 10, 0 | 2, 5 | 1, 4 | 1, 7 | 2, 0 | 18, 0 | 200, 0 | 3, 0 |
| III | 18-59 | 80, 0 | 1000, 0 | 10, 0 | 2, 5 | 1, 6 | 2, 0 | 2, 0 | 22, 0 | 200, 0 | 3, 0 |
| IV | 18-59 | 80, 0 | 1000, 0 | 10, 0 | 2, 5 | 1, 9 | 2, 2 | 2, 0 | 26, 0 | 200, 0 | 3, 0 |
| V | 18-59 | 100, 0 | 1000, 0 | 10, 0 | 2, 5 | 2, 4 | 2, 4 | 2, 0 | 28, 0 | 200, 0 | 3, 0 |
| Male over 59 | |||||||||||
| 60-74 | 80, 0 | 1000, 0 | 15, 0 | 2, 5 | 1, 4 | 1, 6 | 2, 2 | 18, 0 | 200, 0 | 3, 0 | |
| Over 75 | 80, 0 | 1000, 0 | 15, 5 | 2, 5 | 1, 2 | 1, 4 | 2, 2 | 15, 0 | 200, 0 | 3, 0 | |
| Female | |||||||||||
| I | 18-59 | 70, 0 | 800, 0 | 8, 0 | 2, 5 | 1, 1 | 1, 3 | 1, 8 | 14, 0 | 200, 0 | 3, 0 |
| II | 18-59 | 70, 0 | 800, 0 | 8, 0 | 2, 5 | 1, 1 | 1, 3 | 1, 8 | 14, 0 | 200, 0 | 3, 0 |
| III | 18-59 | 80, 0 | 1000, 0 | 8, 0 | 2, 5 | 1, 3 | 1, 5 | 1, 8 | 17, 0 | 200, 0 | 3, 0 |
| IV | 18-59 | 80, 0 | 1000, 0 | 8, 0 | 2, 5 | 1, 5 | 1, 8 | 1, 8 | 20, 0 | 200, 0 | 3, 0 |
| Female over 59 | |||||||||||
| 60-74 | 80, 0 | 800, 0 | 12, 0 | 2, 5 | 1, 3 | 1, 5 | 2, 0 | 16, 0 | 200, 0 | 3, 0 | |
| Over 75 | 80, 0 | 800, 0 | 12, 0 | 2, 5 | 1, 1 | 1, 3 | 2, 0 | 13, 0 | 200, 0 | 3, 0 | |
| In addition to standard (pregnancy) | |||||||||||
| +20, 0 | +200, 0 | +2, 0 | +10, 0 | +0, 4 | +0, 3 | +0, 3 | +2, 0 | +200, 0 | - | ||
| Infant | |||||||||||
| 0-3 | 30, 0 | 400, 0 | 3, 0 | 10, 0 | 0, 3 | 0, 4 | 0, 4 | 5, 0 | 40, 0 | 0, 3 | |
| 4-6 | 35, 0 | 400, 0 | 3, 0 | 10, 0 | 0, 4 | 0, 5 | 0, 58 | 6, 0 | 40, 0 | 0, 4 | |
| 7-12 | 40, 0 | 400, 0 | 4, 0 | 10, 0 | 0, 5 | 0, 6 | 0, 6 | 7, 0 | 60, 0 | 0, 5 | |
| 1-3 year | 45, 0 | 450, 0 | 5, 0 | 10, 0 | 0, 8 | 0, 9 | 0, 9 | 10, 0 | 100, 0 | 1, 0 | |
| Children | |||||||||||
| 4-5 year | 50, 0 | 500, 0 | 7, 0 | 2, 5 | 0, 9 | 1, 0 | 1, 3 | 11, 0 | 200, 0 | 1, 5 | |
| Pupil | |||||||||||
| 6 year old | 60, 0 | 500, 0 | 10, 0 | 2, 5 | 1, 0 | 1, 2 | 1, 3 | 13, 0 | 200, 0 | 1, 5 | |
| 7-10 | 60, 0 | 700, 0 | 10, 0 | 2, 5 | 1, 2 | 1, 4 | 1, 6 | 15, 0 | 200, 0 | 2, 0 | |
| 11-13 male | 70, 0 | 1000, 0 | 12, 0 | 2, 5 | 1, 4 | 1, 7 | 1, 8 | 18, 0 | 200, 0 | 3, 0 | |
| 11-13 female | 70, 0 | 800, 0 | 10, 0 | 2, 5 | 1, 3 | 1, 5 | 1, 6 | 17, 0 | 200, 0 | 3, 0 | |
| 14-17 male | 70, 0 | 1000, 0 | 15, 0 | 2, 5 | 1, 5 | 1, 8 | 2, 0 | 20, 0 | 200, 0 | 3, 0 | |
| 14-17 female | 70, 0 | 800, 0 | 12, 0 | 2, 5 | 1, 3 | 1, 5 | 1, 6 | 17, 0 | 200, 0 | 3, 0 |
Table 13
Physiological daily requirement in minerals (mg)
| Minerals | Male | Female | In addition to standard | ||
| Pregnant | Breast-feeding (1-6) | Breast-feeding (7-12) | |||
| Calcium | |||||
| Phosphorus | |||||
| Magnesium | |||||
| Potassium | - | - | - | ||
| Natrium | - | - | -- | ||
| Chiorine | - | - | - | ||
| Iron | |||||
| Zinc | |||||
| Iodine |
Тhемe 2.4.
EVALUATION OF INDIVIDUAL MACRONUTRIENT AND ENERGY INTAKES