Accounting

Accounting shows a financial picture of the firm. An accounting department records and measures the activity of a business. It reports on the effects of the transactions on the firm’s financial condition. Accounting records give a very important data. It is used by management, stockholders, creditors, independent analysts, banks and government.

Most businesses prepare regularly the two types of records. That is the income statement and balance sheet. These statements show how money was received and spend by the company.

One major tool for the analysis of accounting records is ratio analysis. A ratio analysis is the relationship of two figures. In finance we operate with three main categories of ratios. One ratio deals with profitability, for example, the Return on Investment Ratio. It is used as a measure of a firm’s operating efficiency.

The second set of ratios deals with assets and liabilities. It helps a company to evaluate its current financial position. The third set of ratios deals with the overall financial structure of the company. It analyses the value of the ownership of the firm.

Vocabulary

accounting бухгалтерский учёт

record документ, запись, протокол

to record записывать, регистрировать

to measure измерять

transaction сделка, (банковская) операция

firm’s financial condition финансовое положение фирмы

to provide data обеспечивать данными

creditor кредитор

independent независимый

income statement отчёт о доходах

balance sheet балансовый отчёт

to receive получать

to spend тратить

ratio analysis анализ коэффициентов

profitability прибыльность

return on investment ratio коэффициент возвращения инвестиций

efficiency эффективность, производительность

to evaluate оценивать

value ценность, стоимость

ownership собственность

overall financial structure полная финансовая структура

I. Закончите предложение в соответствии с темой текста.

The text is about ….

a) accountants who are responsible of developing economic policy of a company;

b) the importance of accounting data for the management of a company;

c) why accounting is necessary for the activity of a business and the most important types of accounting documents.

II. Выберите предложения, соответствующие содержанию текста.

a) The income statement and balance sheet show how money was spent by the company;

b) The income statement and balance sheet show how money was received by the company;

c) The income statement and balance sheet show how money was received and spent by the company.

III. Выберите вариант завершения предложения в соответствии с текстом.

In finance we operate with ….

a) decimal fractions;

b) three main categories of ratios;

c) large sums of money.

IV. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

Accounting data … … by management, banks, stock holders and government.

a) uses

b) is using

c) is used

V. Выберите английские эквиваленты данным словам.

1) готовить 2) основной

a) to cook; a) main;

b) to make; b) important;

c) to prepare; c) necessary;

3) отчет 4) цифра

a) a record; a) a number;

b) a statement; b) a figure;

c) a measure; c) a row.

VI. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.

Ratio … analysis is a major tool … the analysis … accounting records.

a) -, of, for

b) of, on, of

c) -, for, of

VII. Согласитесь или не согласитесь с утверждениями. Неверные утверждения исправьте в соответствии с текстом.

a) Most businesses prepare the three types of records;

b) The first set of ratios deals with assets and liabilities helping to measure of a firm’s operating efficiency;

c) The third set of ratios analyses the value of the ownership of the company.