What is business.

Business is a word which is commonly used in many different languages. But exactly what does it mean? The concepts and activities of business have increased in modern times. Traditionally, business simply meant exchange or trade for things people wanted or needed. Today it has a more technical definition. One definition of business is the production, distribution, and sale of goods and services for a profit. To examine this definition, we will look at its various parts.

First, production is the creation of services or the changing of materials into products. One example is the conversion of iron ore into metal car parts. Next these products need to be moved from the factory to the marketplace. This is known as distribution. A car might be moved from a factory in Detroit to a car dealership in Miami.

Third is the sale of goods and services. Sale is the exchange of a product or service for money. A car is sold to someone in exchange for money. Goods are products which people either need or want; for example, cars can be classified as goods. Services, on the other hand, are activities which a person or a group performs for another person or organization. For instance, an auto mechanic performs a service when he repairs a car. A doctor also performs a service by taking care of people when they are sick.

Business, then, is a combination of all these activities: production, distribution, and sale. However, there is one other important factor. This factor is the creation of profit or economic surplus. A major goal in the functioning of an American business company is making a profit. Profit is the money that remains after all the expenses are paid. Creating an economic surplus or profit is, therefore, a primary goal of business activity

. Vocabulary

Language -язык

exchange -обмен

profit -прибыль

creation -создание

conversion -превращение, перемена

ore -руда

dealership -посредник

to perform -выполнять, совершать

to take care of -заботиться, наблюдать(за больным)

surplus -излишек, избыток, остатки

to remain -оставаться

I. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопрос?

What does business mean?

a) exchange or trade for things people wanted.

b) exchange material for products.

c) exchange one activity for another.

II. Завершите предложение в соответствии с основной темой абзаца.

The second passage is about ….

a) what is production

b) what is marketplace

c) what is dealership.

III. Определите, в каком абзаце сообщается о том что такое товары.

а) 2 абз. b) 3 абз. с) 4 абз.

IV. Выберите предложение, соответствующее содержанию текста

(относительно определения услуг).

a) products which people want

b) activities which people do for another people

c) activities which all business people do.

V. Выберите вариант завершения предложения, соответствующего содержанию текста.

Profit is the money ….

a) that remains after all expenses are paid.

b) that remains after a doctor takes care of people.

c) that creates an important factor.

VI. Подберите английский эквивалент слову, данному в скобках.

(обмен)

a) change b) charge c) include d) exchange

(деятельность)

a) efficiency b) active c) activity d) effect

(товар)

a) god b) good c) goods d) goings

(цель)

a) goat b) goes c) gods d) goal

VII. Выберите форму сказуемого:

A car … from a factory in Detroit to a car dealership in Miami.

a) be moved b) might moved c)might be moved d) is moved

VIII. Найдите грамматическую ошибку в структуре предложения.

Sale is the exchange of a product or service to money.

a) of b) to c) or d) the

IX. Поставьте соответствующий предлог.

A car is sold … someone in exchange … money.

a) … to … on… c) … to … for…

b) …for… to … d) …-… for …

X. Каким членом предложения является ‘products’.

Goods are product s which people either need or want.

a) дополнение

b) сказуемым

c) частью именного сказуемого

d) подлежащим

XI. Определите, в каком времени группы Indefinite находиться сказуемое в предложении.

The concepts and activities of business simply meant exchange or trade for things people wanted.

a) Present Indefinite

b) Past Indefinite

c) Present Perfect

XII. Чем является глагол ‘have’ в предложении.

The concepts and activities of business have increased in modern times.

a) смысловым глаголом

b) вспомогательным глаголом

c) модальным глаголом

XIII. Найдите правильный вариант построения предложения.

а) But exactly what does it mean?

b) But doesn’t it what exactly mean?

c) But what doesn’t mean exactly it?

XIV. Найдите правильный вариант перевода слова согласно тексту.

Business goal

a) работа а) цель

b) фирма b) гол

c) деловая деятельность с) финиш

XI. Вставьте глагол в нужной форме.

Goods … products which people need.

a) is b) are c) be

THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

The economy comprises millions of people and thousands of firms as well as the government and local authorities, all taking decisions about prices and wages, what to buy, sell, produce, export, import and other matters. All these organizations and the decisions they take play a prominent part in shaping the business environment in which firms exist and operate.

The economy is complicated and difficult to control and predict, but it is certainly important to all businesses. You should be aware that there are times when businesses and individuals have plenty of funds to spend and there are times when they have to cut back on their spending. This can have enormous implications for business as a whole.

When the economy is enjoying a boom, firms experience high sales and general prosperity. At such times, unemployment is low and many firms will be investing funds to enable them to produce more. They do this because consumers have plenty of money to spend and firms expect high sales. It naturally follows that the state of the economy is major factor in the success of firms.

However, during periods when people have less to spend many firms face hard times as their sales fall. Thus, the economic environment alters as the economy moves to a recession. At that time, total spending declines as income falls and unemployment rises. Consumers will purchase cheaper items and cut expenditure on luxury items such as televisions and cars.

Changes in the state of the economy affect all types of business, though the extent to which they are affected varies. No individual firm has the ability to control this aspect of its environment. Rather, it is the outcome of the actions of all the groups who make up society as well as being influenced by the actions of foreigners with whom the nation has dealings.