The structure of the American police

Policing in modern American society takes different forms. On a national scale (масштаб), there are several different types of police agencies, each with its own jurisdiction and special functions.

The major types of police agencies can be divided into three major branches of government: federal, state, and local (city and county).

The federal law enforcement system includes such well known agencies as the Federal Bureau of Investigation, National Park Service (служба), Border (граница) Patrol, U.S. Post Inspector, and many more.

Law enforcement on the state level includes the state police or highway (шоссе) patrol, drug control agencies, investigative bureaus, and others.

At the level of local government the police agencies are the largest law enforcement group. These agencies include municipal (city) police, county sheriff's offices, constables and village (сельский) police departments.

Municipal police departments have their own organizations with several different divisions, each with specific functions. In most departments there are four major divisions: 1. field operations (patrol, investigation, traffic, youth (молодёжь) divisions, special operations, etc.); 2. administrative services (community relations, planning, etc.); 3. technical services (communications, records, etc.); 4. inspectional services (internal affairs, intelligence, etc.).

Упр. 10. Подберите к английским словосочетаниям ниже приведённые русские аналогии.

1. DEPARTMENT – a) департамент, министерство;

b) управление;

c) служба, отдел, отделение;

sheriff's department, municipal department, municipal police department,

university department, the Department of Defence (Pentagon), the Department of Justice, the Department of Commerce, the Department of Interior

2. ENFORCEMENT – осуществление, проведение в жизнь (закона);

LAW ENFORCEMENT – правопринуждение, полиция;

enforcement of federal laws, county law enforcement organizations, law enforcement authorities, federal law enforcement system

3. STATE – a) государство, штат;

в) состояние, положение;

state of war, financial state of a person, a federal state, the United States, the state police, state service, a sovereign state, nervous state, the fifty American states

4. INTELLIGENCE – a) ум, интеллект, умственные способности;

в) сведения, информация;

с) разведка;

intelligence report, Intelligence Service, intelligence division, intelligence officer, intelligence agent, intelligence branch; intelligence test, a person of good intelligence, high intelligence, limited intelligence; to collect intelligence, secret intelligence