One crime has to be concealed by another.

Seneca (4 BC – 65 AD)

Without a crime, there is no money laundering. So money laundering investigations always have to start off by determining the crime behind the money. This is known in legal circles as the " substantive offence".

The substantive offence can be any serious crime, but usually it's some kind of organized crime activity such as drugs, fraud or theft. In recent years, the substantive offence under investigation is more and more often a crime of violence. Although the traditional crimes involving violence are extortion, armed robbery or kidnapping, the substantive offence that leads to money laundering can also be a conspiracy (заговор, преступный сговор) to commit a terrorist act. The people or governments that provide money to a terrorist organization to finance the terrorist act must launder it to conceal not only its source but also its purpose.

The substantive offence also varies from country to country. In the United States, drug trafficking is considered to be the primary substantive offence to money laundering. In a place like India it's usually tax evasion.

Упр. 6. Ответьте по-английски на следующие вопросы по тексту С.

1. What do money laundering investigations always begin with?

2. How are such crimes called?

3. What kind of crimes are these?

4. What do people conceal when they launder money?

5. What is the primary substantive offence in the U.S.?

6. What is the main substantive offence in India?

РАБОТА СО СЛОВАРЁМ

Для того, чтобы переводить тексты с английского языка на русский быстро и грамотно, необходимо знать построение англо – русского словаря и некоторые правила пользования им.

Упр. 1. Выпишите из англо-русского словаря перевод различных частей речи следующих слов. В скобках указано, какие части речи следует искать.

Например. knife (n, v) - (n) – нож; (v) – резать ножом

place (n., v.); cross (n., a., v.); direct (a., adv., v.); face (n., v.); right (a., v., n., adv.)