Text A .

№1 Read the following words and combinations and learn their meaning by heart:

- historical meaning – історичне значення;

- artistic movement – мистецький рух;

- houses of worship – будинки для богослужінь;

- unique features – унікальні риси;

- to fulfill the dient’s requirements – виконувати вимоги клієнта;

- probable costs – можливі ціни;

- to supervise the construction – наглядати за спорудою.

№2 Read, translate the text and write a summary. Retell the text.

Architecture is the art and profession of designing buildings. The word architecture also has a historical meaning. In that respect, it may refer either to the building style of a particular culture or to an artistic movement. For example, we speak of Greek architecture or Gothic architecture.

Architects design many kings of structures. For instance, they design houses, schools, hotels, hospitals, stadiums, factories, office buildings, theaters, and houses of worship. Architects also design monuments dedicated of the memory of important events and people. The beauty of a city or town is largely determined by the quality of its architecture.

Although architecture has artistic qualities, it must also satisfy a number of important practical considerations. For example, an architect may design office building that looks beautiful. But if people cannot work comfortably and efficiently in it, the building fails architecturally.

There are unique features about architecture that set it apart from other arts. In most cases, painters, writers, composers, and other artists create their works and then try to sell them. But a building may cost thousands or millions of dollars to construct. In nearly all instances, architects must have a buyer for their before they create it. For example, rarely can an architect design an office building, afford to have it constructed, and then try to find someone who will buy it.

Unlike some other artists, architects must work with other people to produce their designs. Novelists, for example, can create their stories alone from their own inspiration. But almost all architects design a building for a client and mast consider the client’s wishes and needs in creating the design. Within the limits of those wishes and needs, architects can make personal artistic contributions.

Architects work closely with the client throughout the development of a building design. They decide how best to fulfill the client’s requirements and give advice on probable costs. They make drawings and models that show how the building will look after it is completed. They also work with different types of contractors who actually build the structure. Architects supervise the construction of the building and, in many cases, receive a percentage of the construction budget as their fee.

An office building encloses an indoor plaza where workers and

shoppers can relax.

The Tokyo Cathedral in Tokyo, Japan, shows the influence of modern Western architecture in the structure’s streamlined design and white concrete walls.

№3. Make up sentences using the key words and expressions:

1) Many kings/ architects/ of structures/ design.

2) Of its architecture/ determined/ the beauty/ is largely/ of a city/ by the quality.

3) Consider/ the design/ all architects/ must/ almost/ the client’s/ in creating/ wishes and needs.

4) Make/ architects/ their/ artistic/ can/ personal/ contributions.

5) Closely/ throughout/ architects/ work/ of a building/ with/ the development/ the client/ design.

№4. Match the following phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents:

1) Gothic architecture; а) бажання та потреби;

2) quality; b) відсоток;

3) wishes and needs; с) вимоги;

4) percentage; d) гонорар;

5) efficiently; е) Готична архітектура;

6) requirements; f) ефективно;

7) fee; g) якість.