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Systems of aquaculture
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(Speaking –Reading –Speaking Writing)
1.1. Read and pronounce correctly the following words:
Feature, design, fertilization, measure, disease, harvesting, partial, regions, rural, numerous, unique, recycle.
1.2. Read correctly and try to guess the meaning of the following words:
Intensive, risk, extensive, intensive, external, manipulation, vertically, photosynthetic, harmony, type, irrigation.
1.3. Words for the text comprehension:
| Labour-intensive | інтенсивне розведення риби |
| High-risk | ступень високого ризику |
| Bio-industry | біопромисловість |
| To depend on | залежити від |
| Extensive-adoption | екстенсивне розведення риби (на великих площах) |
| Fish-stock | косяк, зграя |
| Intensive adoption | інтенсивне розведення риби(у великій кількості |
| Full complement | сукупність |
| Pond design | проект ставка |
| Supplemental feeding | додаткова годівля |
| Stock manipulation | зміна кількості риби у зграї |
| Scientific harvesting | науковий підхід до вилову риби |
| High level input | високий рівень добичи |
| High rate | високий покажчик |
| External food supply | зовнішня годівля |
| Significant | значний |
| Scale | обєм, масштаб |
| Comprehensive system | всеохоплююча система, сучасна |
| Benefit | прибуток, користь |
| Application | застосування |
| Ditch | яма |
| Composite fish culture | багатофункціональне рибне господарство |
1.4. Read and translate text A, find the answer to the following question:
What are the systems of aquaculture?
Aquaculture is considered to be a labour-intensive and a high-risk bio-industry. An important characteristic feature of aquaculture is that, depending on its intensification, it can be organized as systems which may be termed as: 1) extensive -adoption of traditional techniques of aquaculture based on local photosynthetical production, dependence on natural productivity and little control over the stocks; 2) intensive -adoption of full complement of culture techniques including scientific pond design, fertilization, supplemental feeding or only feeding without fertilization, full measure of stock manipulation, disease control, scientific harvesting, high level inputs and high rate of production, the fish are fed with external food supply; 3) semi-intensive – adoption of mid-level technology, partial dependence on natural productivity, fertilization, supplementary feeding, with stock manipulation, medium level inputs and medium rate of production. The management of these kinds of aquaculture systems are completely different. Despite the fact that fish culture is an age-old practice in some regions of the world, it is relatively new as a significant industry in the most countries. So it can be organized on the basis of: a) small scale rural aquaculture (even as one-family unit), b) large scale vertically integrated aquaculture which is defined as a centrally managed comprehensive system such that all components from input of energy to final level of produce in the market are coordinated and kept in harmony.