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Meal — food
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" meal" 1. occasion of eating
□ three meals a day; breakfast, the first meal of the day; П meal-time — usual time for taking a meal.
2. food that is eaten
□ have a good meal.
food" means that which can be eaten by people or animals, or used by plants, to keep them living and for growth
П food and water; food for thought
1. It was time to climb the hot, vineclad hill for the frugal midday.... -£ ■ How many... a day do you have? 3. The English are said to prefer plain ■ ■ ■ ■ 4. " Let's go and have our... at that restaurant over there." " Yes, but do you think they serve good...? " 5. In England lunch is usually the biggest — of the day. 6. When you go to India try some of their wonderful....
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beach — bank — shore — coast
" beach " —a flat area immediately next to the sea
" bank " — land along each side of a river or canal; ground near a river
" shore " — stretch of [and bordering on the sea or a large body of water
" coast" — land bordering the sea; seashore and land near it
[the Coast — амер. Тихоокеанское побережье]
1. He used to spend the morning lying about the... with next to noting on. 2. To the north and south the... is rock for the most part. 3. We cmld see the trees on the other.... 4. Gradually the oil stains were cleaned fom the.... 5. The center of the city is situated on the other... of the raer. 6. Tourists go there to walk on the.... 7. There was a protest aganst official plans to site a third London airport on the Essex ■ -. -
learn — find out — discover
" learn " may mean " to be informed" tn " to receive information" 'about smth; in this meaning it is very close to the words " discover" 'and " fmdout";
" learn " denotes getting information without any or much effort;
" discover" suggests that the new information is surprising, unexpected;
'find out" means " to get information by search or inquiry", i.e. " making an effort to y> t it".
1. When he... that it was a form of rheumatism that made him unfit for further service his heart exulted. 2. When Salvatore went home he... tkat they all knew. 3. Mother was surprised to... that each member of the family had a different idea of education for Nick. 4. I was sorry to... that our hockey team again lost the game. 5. Give her a ring to... if she is at home. 6. I've just... that he had passed all his exams. 7. For a long time we tried to... something about his past, but failed. 8. When Bell's rivals... about his invention, they tried to claim their own rights to it. 9. Suddenly 1... that I had left my note-book with her address in it behind.
sick — ill
" sick" 'can be used in the expression " to be sick", which means " to bring up food from the stomach" or " want to do this"; in AmE " sick" is normally used when you talk about bad health; in BrE " sick " is used before a noun.
'Wis used after a subject and verb
П The parents asked the doctor to have a look at their sick daughter, they said she had been ill for three days.
" sick " can also mean " very tired of D I'm sick of your questions.
64 _________________________________________________SALVATORE
I. Here he fell... of some mysterious ailment. 2. They had been told by another of the island boys that he was.... 3. The child was... three times in the night. 4. The girl has been looking after her... father for eleven years. 5. Sorry I've missed all those classes: I've been.... 6. The... child was finally taken to hospital. 7. He could hardly eat anything. The very thought of food made him.... 8. If you are..., you'd better stay home. 9. I'm... and tired of listening to your advice. 10. Why is she absent? Is she still...? U. He is a very... man.
own — owe
" owi " means " possess; have as property"; " owe" means " to be in debt to smb (forsmth)".
1. His father was a fisherman who... his own little vineyard. 2. I... you an apology. 3. Who... this adorable little cottage? 4. Our tutor did a lot to cultivate our minds and we... him a debt of gratitute. 5. Why should one man... all that wealth? 6. He... his charm to his mother.
used to/would (+ Infinitive) — be (get, grow) used to (+ noun, pronoun or Gerund)
" used' [ju: st] used to do smth (negative: use(d)n 't [juisnt], used not, didn " t use) indicates a constant or frequent practice in the past, or, in the construction " there used to be " the existence of smth in the past. П That's where 1 used to live when 1 was a child. D Life isn't so easy here as it used to he.
О There used to be some trees in this field, use(d)n't there/didn't there? In this meaning " used to " comes close to " would" which shows that smth hap-pened from time to time; that a person had a habit
П He would sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by. " used to (+ noun, pronoun or Gerund)" means " accustomed to" П He is quite used to hard work. □ I'm not used to being spoken to in that rude way.
1. He... spend the morning lying about the beach. 2. He... throw himself into the deep water with a cry of delight. 3. He... silent paths and the mountains and the sea. 4. He... lie about the beach, smoking cigarettes. 5. Salvatore standing on a rock... dip them in the water. 6. He... seat the naked baby on the palm of his hand and hold him up. 7. He... bring his children down to give them a bath. 8. Before she was married she... attend all the concerts. 9. The child... waking up at night and screaming at the top of his voice. 10. She can't... driving in the crowded streets of the c'ty. 11. Soon he... living in the country and became a regular village boy.
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12. Before the accident she... a beauty. 13. He... play tennis well in his young days. 14. He... call on her once or twice a week.
Ex. 16. a) Read and translate the following text. Memorize words and expressions relating to liking.
I quite liked Tom when we first met. However, although lots of my friends said they found him attractive, I didn't fancy him at all. He invited me out and I must admit that I was more tempted by his sports car than by him at first. However, 1 really enjoyed spending time with him. He fascinated me with his stories of his travels around the world and something mysterious about his past also attracted me. Moreover, we were both very keen on sailing. Soon I realised I had fallen in love with him. His sense of humour really appealed to me and I was also captivated by his gift for poetry. Now, three years later I absolutely adore him and 1 cannot understand why I didn't fall for him the moment we first set eyes on each other. He is a very caring person, fond of animals and small children. He is always affectionate and loving towards me and passionate about the causes he believes in and the people he cares for. I hope we shall always worship each other as much and be as devoted to our life together as we are now.
b) Study and memorize words and expressions relating to disliking.
Loathe, detest, hate, cannot stand and cannot bear are all stronger ways of saying dislike and they are all followed by a noun or an -ing form.
П I loathe / detest / hate / cannot stand / cannot bear bad-mannered people.
Repel, revolt and disgust are all strong words used to describe the effect which something detested has on the person affected.
□ His paintings disgust me.
П I was revolted by the way he spoke.
□ His behaviour repels me.
c) Reword the sentences without changing the meaning. Use the word in brackets.
Example: I very much enjoy his novels, (love) / love his novels.
1. 1 strongly dislike jazz, (stand)
2. Beer makes me feel sick, (revolt)
3. I don't really care for tea. (keen)
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4. She has totally charmed him. (captivate)
5. His art attracts me. (appeal)
6. Do you fancy a pizza tonight? (like)
7. She likes rowing and golf, (keen)
8. I'm dreading the exam, (look)
Ex. П. Give words of the same root in Russian. Compare the meanings.
Grace, military, service, cottage, pearl, mysterious, hospital, form, rheumatism, doctor, emotional, distance, courage, chance, moment, manner, season, mile, cigarette, stoicism, mutton, delicate, angel, portrait, rare
Ex. 18. Explain the formation and the meaning of the following a) adjectives and b) nouns. Use them in sentences of your own. (For reference see " English Grammar", a) p. 228-229, b) p. 162).
a) Care-free, effortless, friendless, childlike, emotional, unhappy, mas terful, profitable, bearable.
b) Fisher, sailor, battleship, stranger, sunset, rowing-boat, directness, devotion, sweetness, foreigner, smallness, radiance, goodness.
Ex. 19. Use adjectives with suffixes " -ful" or " -less" with the italicized words or word combinations. Make other necessary changes.
1. He ran up a flight of stairs and was out of breath. 2. I want to be of some help for you. 3. He felt he couldn't help anybody, 4. We regularly see French movies, it's of great use if you want to keep up the language. 5. Coffee in itself won't do you any harm, yet you should limit yourself to one cup a day. 6. Such operations used to cause pain, but now they are performed with no pain to the patient. 7. When I said I would solve the problem, she gave me a look full of doubt. 8. I'm afraid I see no point in your making the call now. 9. There is no doubt the case is as obvious as it looks. 10. Remind me about the appointment. I keep forgetting things. 11- The really annoying thing about her was that she lacked tact. 12. Her first public appearance was a success. 13. The very idea of giving up this job makes no sense. 14. It seemed as if the day would never end.
Ex. 20. Recast the following sentences, using nouns with " -ness" instead of the italicized words. Make all other necessary changes.
1. I was surprised to see how calmly he took the news. 2. She looked at the child fondly. 3. There was a sad feeling in his heart. 4. The very fact that the situation was hopeless seemed to give her new strength. 5. He ruined his own chances by being foolish. 6. The accident happened through
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his being careless. 7. We strongly doubted that he would remain firm in his decision to make a fresh start. 8, They were kind and friendly, and it touched me greatly.
Ex. 21. Fill in the blanks with " so" от " such (a)".
We use " so" with an adjective without a noun
П so stupid. We use " such" with an adjective with a noun
□ such a stupid story.
1. It was hard to walk in noisy, friendless cities with streets... crowded that he was frightened to cross them. 2. It's... windy, I don't feel like going out. 3. It was... cold night that we made a fire in the parlour. 4. She is... lovely, isn't she? 5. John is... early riser. I don't know when he sleeps. 6. It has been... lovely trip. 7. The canary is... sweet. My little girl will love it. 8. The lady was... deaf that she didn't hear a word you said. 9. Come on! Don't walk... slowly! 10. The wind was... strong, it was difficult to walk. II. She is a very attractive girl. She's got... beautiful eyes. 12. Everything is... expensive these days, isn't it? 13. I was surprised that he looked... well after his recent illness. 14. If this quality had bot been unconscious and... humble, it would have been hardly bearable.
Ex. 22. Complete the sentences using " enough" with one of the following words:
cups, money, qualifications, time big, warm, well
" Enough " goes after adjectives and adverbs:
D He didn't get the job because he wasn't experienced enough. " Enough" goes before nouns:
О He didn't get the job because he didn't have enough experience.
Model: She can't get married yet. She's not old enough.
1. John would like to buy a car but he hasn't got....... 2. I couldn't
make coffee for everybody. There weren't....... 3. Are you......? Or
shall I switch on the heating? 4. Michael 'didn't feel......to go to work this
morning. 5. I didn't finish writing my essay. I didn't have....... 6. Do
you think I've got......to apply for the job? 7. Try this jacket on and see if
it's...... for you.
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Ex. 23. Join the following pairs of sentences with " enough ". (For reference see the explanation in Ex. 21.) Model: I'm not strong. I can't lift it. — I'm not strong enough to lift it.
1. She's not old. She can't drive a car. 2. I haven't got any money. I can't go on holiday. 3. The pie is very hot. I can't eat it. 4. He was not strong. He couldn't work like a man. 5. I wasn't interested. I didn't watch the film. 6. I won't have any time. I won't meet with you.
IV. SPEECH PRACTICE
Ex. 24. Memorize the following proverbs, sayings and idiomatic expressions and use them in retelling and discussing the text. I.
1. Beauty lies in lover's eyes. — Красота в глазах любящих. Не по-хорошу мил, а по-милу хорош.
2. Love is never without jealousy. — Нет любви без ревности.
3. Love is the mother of love. Love begets love. — Любовь порождает (ответную) любовь.
4. Love lives in cottages as well as in courts. — Любовь живет в лачугах так же, как и во дворцах.
U.
1. be over head and ears in love; be head over ears in love; be up to the ears in love; be fathoms deep in love — быть безумно влюбленным, быть влюбленным по уши
2. love in a cottage — с милым рай и в шалаше
3. Miss Right — разг.: будущая жена, суженая, избранница
4. Mr. Right — разг.: будущий муж, суженый
5. there is no love lost between them — а) они не любят друг друга; b) они друг друга терпеть не могут
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Ex. 25. Retell the story according to the following plan using the words and expressions given below.
1. Salvatore aged fifteen
ugly; care-free; used to; He about; next to nothing; thin as a rail; in and out of the sea; effortless; common to; act as; venture out; climb; frugal meal.
2. Salvatore does his military service
be madly in love; affianced; sailor; weep; at the beckand call; battleship; strangers; ashore; friendless; crowded; silent paths; strike smb; fairy island; have to do with; realize; in some dim fashion; homesick; be parted (from); ill-spelt; constantly; long to.
3. Salvatore is taken ill
mysterious ailment; in hospital; bear smth with patience; rheumatism; unfit (for); exult; bother; what did he care.
4. Salvatore arrives home
rowing-boat; steamer; wave to; search; a great deal of; walk down to...; doorstep; shy; a piece of luck; talk nonsense; recover; nudge; soften the blow; blunt directness; lack the courage; blame; endurance; afford; support.
5. Salvatore gets married
willing; ugly; engaged; of one's own; vineyard; by a happy chance; tenant; stiff clothes; parish church; have a good look; settle down; tiny; husky; ingenuous; trusting; grim-visaged; no fool; devotion; masterful; could not bear; harsh; presently.
6. Salvatore supports the family
fishing season; fishing grounds; profitable; cuttlefish; sell the catch; dawn; dusk; a trifle cooler; prevent one (from); lie about; rack one's limbs; give a bath; to sprawl; stark naked; dip; enormous; delicate care; rare quality.
Ex. 26. Tell the story in the words of:
a) Salvatore,
b) the girl Salvatore used to love,
c) Assunta,
d) Salvatore's mother.
Ex. 27. Give a character sketch of:
a) Salvatore,
b) the girl he was in love with,
c) his wife.
Ex. 28. Topics for discussion and essays.
1. Speak on the life of poor fishermen as described in the story.
2. Tell a story in which circumstances prevented a boy from marrying the girl he loved.
3. Speak on homesickness.
Ex. 29. Render the following texts in English. I.
Наверное, никогда нельзя с точностью указать минуту, когда к тебе пришла любовь. И я никак не могу решить, когда я полюбил Лилю. Я только одно знаю, что теперь уже не могу без нее. Вся моя жизнь теперь делится на две части: до нее и при ней. Как бы я жил и что значил без нее? Я даже думать об этом не хочу, как не хочу думать о возможной смерти моих близких.
Но весной я начинаю кое-что замечать. Нет, я ничего не замечаю, я только чувствую с болью (with a pang), что наступает что-то новое (some kind of change1 is coming). Это даже трудно выразить. Просто у нас обнаруживается (begin to show) разница в характерах. Ей не нравятся мои взгляды, она смеется над моими мечтами.., и мы несколько раз ссоримся.
Потом... Потом все катится под гору (goes downhill), все быстрей, все ужаснее... Я чувствую, как она уходит от меня (I am losing her)...
Сколько в мире юных девушек! Но ты знаешь одну, только одной ты смотришь в глаза, только ее голос трогает тебя до слез (affect to the point of tears). Она говорит с тобой, слушает тебя, смеется, молчит, и ты видишь, что ты единственный ей нужен, что тебя одного она любит так же, как ты ее.
Но вот с ужасом ты замечаешь, что глаза ее, прежде отдававшие тебе свою теплоту, теперь равнодушны, ушли в себя (are withdrawn) и что вся она ушла от тебя в такую даль (moved so far away), что тебе ее Уже не достать (reach), оттуда не вернуть (bring her back). Твои порывы (impulses), затаенные и гордые мысли (innermost thoughts) не для нее, и сам ты со всей сложностью своей души не для нее... Она ускользнула (slipped away), ушла, она где-то у себя, в своем чудесном, неповторимом
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мире (wonderful unique world of her own), а тебе нет туда доступа (the door is closed for you). Отчаяние, злоба, сожаление и горе охватывают тебя (seize you). Ты опустошен (desolated), обманут, уничтожен (crushed) и бессилен. И ты упадешь и закричишь, она взглянет на тебя, в глазах ее появится испуг, удивление, жалость, все, но того, что тебе надо, не появится, и единственного взгляда ты не получишь, ее любовь, ее жизнь не для тебя. Ты даже можешь стать героем, гением, человеком, которым гордится вся страна, но единственного взгляда, которого ты ждешь (hanker for), ты никогда не получишь.
(Из " Двое в декабре " Ю. Казакова)
П.
Красавец
Я часто думаю: почему меня женщины так любят? Ну, правда, красивый я. Этого у меня не отнимешь. Глаза огромные. Профиль греческий. Иной раз на улице гляну на какую-нибудь женщину и вижу: всё. Моя. Пропала. Что делать, просто не знаю. Одеваться пробовал похуже. И все равно все женщины от меня без ума (to be crazy about). Чуть-чуть со мной повстречаются — и готово, на всю жизнь.
А на работе что творится! У меня начальник — женщина. Влюблена по уши (to be in love over head and ears). Как на меня глянет — все у нее из рук валится (to be fit for nothing). На днях вызвала к себе, говорит:
— Не доводите до греха. Уйдите, — говорит, — лучше. Зарплату повысим, только уйдите.
И тут, конечно, дело не только в красоте. Разговор поддержать могу (to keep up the conversation). Про любую киноактрису сутками (days on end) рассказываю. От кого у кого муж. Кто кого бросил, кто кого подобрал.
Или такой случай был. Познакомился с одной штангисткой (weight-lifter). 35 лет. Не замужем. Пару слов сказал, чувствую — пропала. Сжалился (to take pity on). Дай, думаю, поцелую. Задрожала вся.
Схватила меня в объятия. Дальше не помню ничего. Помню, раму выбил и лечу.
Очнулся (to recover consciousness (to come to oneself)) в больнице. Вот ведь до чего моя красота людей доводит...
Ну, просто не знаю, что с собой делать, изуродовать себя (to disfigure oneself), что ли? Чтобы никому не достался. Так ведь не поможет.
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Щетинную красоту не скроешь (you can't miss it). Интеллект все равно не спрячешь. Его за версту видно.
(from " Speak Good English" by L.S.Golovchinskaya)
Ex. 30. Read the poem. Memorize the adjectives used with the expression to be in love.
I am
completely, hopelessly, madly, Passionately, deeply, confusingly, totally, absolutely, fully, Wholly, knowingly, desperately, in love, With you. I think.
Glynn Cook
Ex. 31. Read the poem. Say whether you agree with the author or not.
Love?
It's really only
a matter of the reaction
of a trained mind
to a neurological stimulus,
brought about by the signals
from the senses and
the increased hormone content
of the blood,
that makes love —
But all the same I like it.