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Use of the essential vocabulary. Task 2. Memorize the essential vocabulary and translate the sentences containing it: (1) advanced(передовий
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Task 2. Memorize the essential vocabulary and translate the sentences containing it:
| (1) advanced(передовий, прогресивний) – highly developed or complex. A lot of people want to migrate to advanced countries. |
| (2) alien(чужий, іноземний) – someone who is not a legal citizen of the country they are living or working in. The public protested against illegal aliens entering the country. |
| (3) assumption(припущення) – something that you think is true although you have no definite proof. A lot of people make assumption that poverty only exists in the Third World. |
| (4) combat(боротися) – to fight, to try to stop something bad from happening. To combat illegal migration the government developed new laws. |
| (5) contestation(оспорювання) – a dispute where there is strong disagreement. They were involved in a violent contestation. |
| (6) deport(депортувати) – to make someone leave a country and return to the country they came from, especially because they do not have a legal right to stay. He was deported from Ecuador when his visa expired. |
| (7) designate(називати, визначати) – to give a name or title to; characterize. These people are designated ethnical minority. |
| (8) disarticulated(роз’єднаний) – separated. But capitalism has dwindled into the economy, and its management has become the sole area of dispute: an autonomous, uncontested economic system whose necessities are increasingly disarticulated from human need. |
| (9) discredited(дискредитований) – one that has lost trust or reputation. This theory has now been discredited. |
| (10) distinction(відмінність) – a clear difference between two things. Is there any distinction between the terms “race” and “ethnicity”? |
| (11) entitle(давати право) – to give someone the official right to do or have something. Some non-citizens are entitled to rights as long-term residents within state territories in Europe. |
| (12) erode(руйнувати, стирати) – to gradually reduce something. Our personal freedom is being gradually eroded. |
| (13) exclusion(виключення, вилучення) – when someone is not allowed to take part in something or enter a place. Everyone discussed the country’s exclusion from the United Nations. |
| (14) homogeneous(однорідний) – consisting of people or things that are all of the same type. His speech was about constructing homogeneous society. |
| (15) inferior(нижчий, гірший) – not as good as someone or something else. The boy always felt slightly inferior to others. |
| (16) penalize(карати) – to punish someone or treat unfairly. The man was penalized for hiring illegal immigrants. |
| (17) previously(попередньо) – before now or before a particular time. As mentioned previously, these observations raised questions about causes of migration. |
| (18) reunion(возз’єднання) – when people are brought together again after a period of being separated. Joseph was very happy of his eventual reunion with his brother. |
| (19) species(вид) – a group of animals and plants whose members are similar. The word “race” referred to different species of persons. |
| (20) superior(вищий, кращий) – better, more powerful, more effective etc. than a similar person or thing. He was superior to his mates in education. |
| (21) surveillance(спостереження) – watching carefully. They were under constant close surveillance. |
| (22) unassimilable(що не піддається асиміляції) – one that cannot become a part of a group and be accepted by the group. Refugees often stay unassimilable. |
| (23) unauthorized(несанкціонований) – without official approval or permission. The committee found several instances of unauthorised use of government funds. |
| (24) undermine(підривати) – to weaken gradually or insidiously. Their insults undermined her confidence. |
| (25) void(порожнеча, прогалина) – a situation in which something important or needed does not exist. There is a void in national law concerning illegal residents. |
| (26) welfare(добробут) – health and happiness. Our only concern is the children’s welfare. |
Task 3. Match each word in section A with the one of the opposite meaning in section B:
A) discredited; previously; reunion; penalize; welfare; distinct; superior; homogeneous; undermine; alien; exclusion; advanced;
B) undeveloped; inferior; honoured; separation; poverty; further; award; familiar; common; heterogeneous; strengthen; inclusion.
Task 4.Fill in the gaps in the sentences using the words provided below:
void; penalized; discredited; contestations; unassimilable; homogeneous; reunion; eroded; deport; aliens; superior; surveillance; undermines; welfare; unauthorized.
1. From 1996, resident... were denied federal welfare benefits through government legislation. 2. Although there is diversity in the socio-economic situations of ethnic minorities across Europe, in general, nonwhites are more likely to be disadvantaged in terms of pay, unemployment, and... provision. 3. The racism is based on the idea that one race is... over another. 4. His ideas were... through the media and he lost public trust. 5. Some critics go further still in their arguments that multiculturalism... social cohesion. 6. Despite the fact that it has virtually never been realized, however, the dominant model of a culturally... nation has nevertheless posed problems for the minorities who live and work in these countries. 7. Europeans do have a form of post-national citizenship assured by the EU as an emerging “supranational state, ” then, but it is problematic insofar as it has... some of the political rights they enjoyed as the citizens of sovereign nation-states. 8. As a result, there have long been... of this ideal in the US, especially as it has grown more diverse with waves of immigration from different parts of the world. 9. It is these laws which have been used to humiliate tired and defenseless visitors, to... workers without even a hearing, to lock innocent people in prison and brand them criminals, and to provide employers with a work-force made powerless through legislation. 10. The residents claimed that such amount of … cameras invaded their privacy. 11. This precedent showed a considerable … in legislation. 12. The committee found some instances of … access to the documents. 13. Unfortunately, this minority stayed …. 14. The cause of his immigration was family …. 15. He was … for breaking migration rules.
Task 5. Find the matching definitions for the terms:
| 1)aliens | a) workers who migrate to the more developed countries of Northern and Western Europe, usually from Southern and Eastern Europe or from North Africa, in search of higher-paying jobs; |
| 2)residents | b) people who come to a country where they were not born in order to settle there; |
| 3)citizens | c) people owing political allegiance to another country or government; foreign; |
| 4)refugees | d) people of the same race or nationality who share a distinctive culture; |
| 5)emigrants | e) people who live in a particular place permanently or for an extended period; |
| 6)immigrants | f) people of the same race, culture or religion, who live in a place where most of the people are of a different race, culture, or religion; |
| 7)guest workers | g) people with a prejudiced belief that one race is superior to others; |
| 8)ethnic group | h) people who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion; |
| 9)racists | i) native registered or naturalized members of a state, nation, or other political community; |
| 10)minority | j) people who leave one country to settle in another; |