Text 2.

Ohio Court of Appeals. The goal of the … (l) system is that complete andequal justice be achieved at the … (2) of every case. Sometimes … (3) courts make mistakes; the court of appeals was … (4) to correct them.

Ohio's … (5) court of appeals is divided into 12 … (6). Each district court hears …(7) from the trial courts located in its district. The principal … (8) of the court of appeals is to … (9) cases appealed from trial courts to … (10) whether the law was correctly … (11) and applied. The court of appeals also has … (12) jurisdiction in some special kinds of … (13). In these cases, the district court of appeals may actually hear evidence rather than work with a …(14) of the evidence. Although many cases end with a … (15) by a district court of appeals, such courts are not the last … (16) but an intermediate step from the trial courts to the Supreme Court.

Appellate Jurisdiction. The most important … (17) of the courts of appeals in Ohio is to review questions brought to them from common … (18) courts, municipal courts, and county courts. When a court of appeals has completed its review of a case, it will uphold … (19)) the lower court if it finds the … (20) court correctly interpreted and … (21) the law. Even if the trial court made some mistakes, a court of … (22) will affirm provided the mistakes did not unfairly … (23) the parties in the case. If the mistakes affect a party's rights, they constitute plain error (or " prejudicial error"), and the court of appeals may then take whatever step is necessary to do justice. The court of appeals may send the case back for a new … (24), or it might simply send the case back for whatever further … (25) are needed.

Exercise 11. Work in pairs. Translate the following two texts into Ukrainian. Use Vocabulary 3-4.

TEXT 3

The Ohio Supreme Court is the highest and most powerful court in Ohio. It is primarily a court of appeals and is Ohio's court of last resort. The Supreme Court also has original (trial) jurisdiction in the same types of extraordinary cases as the courts of appeals. The Supreme Court has some important additional duties. These duties include for example, prescribing rules of procedure.

Appellate and Original Jurisdiction. The appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court is similar to that of the courts of appeals. The Supreme Court is empowered to review final judg­ments and orders of lower courts; to affirm, remand, or modify judgments; and to do whatever is necessary to render a just and final determination of a case. Appeals to the Supreme Court are generally from the district courts of appeals rather than from the trial courts.

Supervision of the Courts. The Supreme Court has the duty to oversee the activities of all courts in the state, and to see that justice is being administered fairly, effectively, and efficiently. The Supreme Court has published rules of superintendence and established vari­ous committees and study groups to ensure the efficient operation of all courts in Ohio.