Предлоги, в сочетании с герундием образующие обстоятельства образа действия и сопутствующих условий

(сочетание «предлог + герундий» отвечает на вопрос «как, каким образом?»)

Предлоги, в сочетании с герундием образующие обстоятельства цели и причины

(сочетание «предлог + герундий» отвечает на вопросы «для чего?», «почему?»)

Упражнение

5. Переведите.

1. We shall close this chapter by considering one more type of assimilation.

2. The author shows how a language varies in passing from one social group to another.

3. Upon returning to Reykjavik we had a very interesting interview with Mr Bjarnason.

4. She tore the letter into small pieces without reading it.

5. In discussing the problem they touched upon some very interesting items.

6. He liked to do things without disturbing anyone or being disturbed.

7. In digging into the mounds, the explorers discovered in many of them hearths which furnished a great number of relics.

8. Addison ⁸ (1672) proceeded to Oxford, and later, on receiving a travelling scholarship, passed four years on the Continent.

Addison — Аддисон (1672-—1719), английский публицист.

9. In selecting this spot as the site for an encampment, the Indians displayed a keen appreciation of its unsurpassed natural advantages.

10. The only safe method is to trace step by step the actual changes that a word has undergone, by examining its existing forms till the earliest is reached.

11. In 1872 Courbet ⁹ sent two paintings to the Salon, which were rejected on political grounds, without being looked at.

12. The first problem in reviewing the world's languages is to decide what to count a language.

13. The mollusks had evidently been opened by placing them on fire.

14. Henry Mayhew was a journalist and comic dramatist born in 1812 who turned to journalism after running away to sea as a boy and later serving as a clerk in his father's law office.

15. As a result a new school of literature arose, which, without being in sharp contrast with the old, contained some distinctly new elements.

II

16. Mayhew's work contains valuable facts and statistics that could be gathered only by interviewing hundreds of people and by making elaborate investigations.

17. Thus, in considering the causes of the Second Macedonian War, it is necessary to examine not only the agressive activities of Philip ¹⁰ but also the current state of political feeling at Rome.

18. Without going further into detail than the scope of this book permits, it is impossible to exhibit the relationship that the structure of Old English bears to the structure of Latin and Greek.

19. Historical grammar tries to explain the phenomena of a language by tracing them back to their earlier stages in the language.

20. Just as the Romance languages — Italian, Spanish, French etc. — are cognate to one another through being

⁸ Courbet — Курбе (1819—1877), французский художник-натуралист, коммунар

¹⁰ Philip — Филипп II, царь Македонии (382 г, до н. э.)

independent developments of their parent language Latin, so also English is cognate with Dutch, German, Danish, Swedish, and the other Germanic languages.

21. On taking a few spadefuls of earth, or on examining the walls of the new houses generally built with turf taken from these spots, — one everywhere finds the earth and grass-roots mixed with the bones of animals which the Greenlanders hunt.

22. In presenting the second part of this history of English literature, I should like to give some explanation of a very obvious shortcoming in the first part, viz., ¹¹ the omission of the last chapter dealing with the poetry.

23. The language develops slowly through a number of epochs, by modifying its vocabulary and grammar. It develops without undergoing sudden and revolutionary changes.

24. The writers of the school of Flaubert and Goncourt complain of the difficulties the artist encounters in trying to reproduce what he sees.

25. A remarkably intelligent lad, who on being spoken to, at once consented to give all the information in his power, told me the following story of his life.