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Types of morphemes






point of view types/ groups subgroups definition illustrations
semantic root(s)   man, street, act, black, green, see
affixational (affixes)   unhappy, hopeless, reading
structural free   friend, friendless, friendly, actor, waitress
bound prefix derivational   disappear, encourage, mistaken
infix stand
suffix inflectional bigger, biggest
derivational worker, princess
semi-bound   half-done, sportsman, herself
bound root (a completive/ combining form)   tele- " far" - scope " seeing" (tele/scope), - graph - " write" (tele/graph), aero - " air" (aerospace); -mania, -phile. -philia, -phobia, biblio-, multi-, neo-
splinter   miniature > mini, maximum > maxi, agriculture > agri-, biology > bio-, ecology > eco- (econote " a short article on ecology", ecomenu " a selection of simple, healthful foods that make minimal demands on the environment"), hamburger > -burger (cheeseburger, fishburger, beefburger), European > Euro (Eurocard, Euromarket); sandwich > wich (duckwich, turkeywich)
functional lexical free roots   man, street, act, black, see;
bound affixes, completives; blocked (unique) root morphemes dis-; -ish tele- Friday, cranberry
grammatical free function words   the, with, and
bound inflexions ending -s
lexico-grammatical       give up, look for, be out

 

3. Provide INSTANCES for the following:

allomorph:  
root:  
stem:  
bound base:  
affix:  
semi-affix:  
superfix:  
native and borrowed affixes: native prefixes - borrowed prefixes - native suffixes - borrowed suffixes -
productive, semi-productive and non-productive affixes:  
lexico-semantic groups of affixes:  
simple (root) words:  
derived words:  
compounds:  
shortenings:  

 

4. Fill in the chart TO SUM UP points 1-4.


 
 

 

 



5. THINK OVER the following:

1. The functions of roots.

2. The functions of suffixes.

3. The functions of prefixes.

4. The functions of inflexions.

5. The functions of completives.

6. The difference between affixes and splinters.

7. The difference between lexical and grammatical morphemes.

 

 

6. Think over the criteria according to which COMPOUNDS are categorized:

 


- the explicit/implicit type of determinatum;

- the meaning of the whole compound;

- the order of the components;

- the part of speech;

- the relations between the components;

- the structure;

- the way components are joined together;

- the ways of their forming;


criteria type examples
  nouns; adjectives; verbs; adverbs; prepositions; numerals Baby-moon; free-for-all; to honeymoon; downdeep; within; fifty-five
  based on reduplication too-too, so-so
combination of conversion and sound interchange toy-boy; tip-top
partial conversion from word-group can-do; make-up
ellipses a drive-in < a drive-in cinema
back-formation to fingerprint < finger-printing
analogy phone-in, lie-in < sit-in
contrast brain-gain ( Cf. brain-drain)
  neutral to window-shop
morphological " o"; " i"; " s" astrospace; handicraft; sportsman
syntactical here-and-now; do-or-die
  compound proper word train-sick; go-go
compound-affixed word ear-minded; politically-minded; videoplater
compound consisting of three or more stems singer-songwriter; eggshell-thin
compound-shortened word V-day; Euro-dollar; intercom; AIDSophobia; three-D
  subordinate (relations) comparative honey-sweet; eggshell-thin
limiting breast-high; knee-deep
emphatic dog-cheap
objective gold-rich
cause love-sick
space top-heavy
time spring-fresh
subjective foot-sore
functional raincoat
material clay-pipe
sex she-dog; Tom-cat
coordinative (relations) combined functions Oxbridge; Anglo-Saxon; woman-doctor
tautological roadway; courtyard; fifty-fifty; no-no
  syntactic killjoy
asyntactic nuclear-free
  idiomatic blackboard
non-idiomatic wheelchair, speedometer
  endocentric hairbrush; ashtray
exocentric pickpocket; greenhorn

 

7. SPEAK on Points 1-5.

 


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