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Types of morphemes
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| point of view | types/ groups | subgroups | definition | illustrations | |
| semantic | root(s) | man, street, act, black, green, see | |||
| affixational (affixes) | unhappy, hopeless, reading | ||||
| structural | free | friend, friendless, friendly, actor, waitress | |||
| bound | prefix | derivational | disappear, encourage, mistaken | ||
| infix | stand | ||||
| suffix | inflectional | bigger, biggest | |||
| derivational | worker, princess | ||||
| semi-bound | half-done, sportsman, herself | ||||
| bound root (a completive/ combining form) | tele- " far" - scope " seeing" (tele/scope), - graph - " write" (tele/graph), aero - " air" (aerospace); -mania, -phile. -philia, -phobia, biblio-, multi-, neo- | ||||
| splinter | miniature > mini, maximum > maxi, agriculture > agri-, biology > bio-, ecology > eco- (econote " a short article on ecology", ecomenu " a selection of simple, healthful foods that make minimal demands on the environment"), hamburger > -burger (cheeseburger, fishburger, beefburger), European > Euro (Eurocard, Euromarket); sandwich > wich (duckwich, turkeywich) | ||||
| functional | lexical | free | roots | man, street, act, black, see; | |
| bound | affixes, completives; blocked (unique) root morphemes | dis-; -ish tele- Friday, cranberry | |||
| grammatical | free | function words | the, with, and | ||
| bound | inflexions | ending -s | |||
| lexico-grammatical | give up, look for, be out |
3. Provide INSTANCES for the following:
| allomorph: | |
| root: | |
| stem: | |
| bound base: | |
| affix: | |
| semi-affix: | |
| superfix: | |
| native and borrowed affixes: | native prefixes - borrowed prefixes - native suffixes - borrowed suffixes - |
| productive, semi-productive and non-productive affixes: | |
| lexico-semantic groups of affixes: | |
| simple (root) words: | |
| derived words: | |
| compounds: | |
| shortenings: |
4. Fill in the chart TO SUM UP points 1-4.
 |
5. THINK OVER the following:
1. The functions of roots.
2. The functions of suffixes.
3. The functions of prefixes.
4. The functions of inflexions.
5. The functions of completives.
6. The difference between affixes and splinters.
7. The difference between lexical and grammatical morphemes.
6. Think over the criteria according to which COMPOUNDS are categorized:
- the explicit/implicit type of determinatum;
- the meaning of the whole compound;
- the order of the components;
- the part of speech;
- the relations between the components;
- the structure;
- the way components are joined together;
- the ways of their forming;
| criteria | type | examples | |
| nouns; adjectives; verbs; adverbs; prepositions; numerals | Baby-moon; free-for-all; to honeymoon; downdeep; within; fifty-five | ||
| based on | reduplication | too-too, so-so | |
| combination of conversion and sound interchange | toy-boy; tip-top | ||
| partial conversion from word-group | can-do; make-up | ||
| ellipses | a drive-in < a drive-in cinema | ||
| back-formation | to fingerprint < finger-printing | ||
| analogy | phone-in, lie-in < sit-in | ||
| contrast | brain-gain ( Cf. brain-drain) | ||
| neutral | to window-shop | ||
| morphological | " o"; " i"; " s" | astrospace; handicraft; sportsman | |
| syntactical | here-and-now; do-or-die | ||
| compound proper word | train-sick; go-go | ||
| compound-affixed word | ear-minded; politically-minded; videoplater | ||
| compound consisting of three or more stems | singer-songwriter; eggshell-thin | ||
| compound-shortened word | V-day; Euro-dollar; intercom; AIDSophobia; three-D | ||
| subordinate (relations) | comparative | honey-sweet; eggshell-thin | |
| limiting | breast-high; knee-deep | ||
| emphatic | dog-cheap | ||
| objective | gold-rich | ||
| cause | love-sick | ||
| space | top-heavy | ||
| time | spring-fresh | ||
| subjective | foot-sore | ||
| functional | raincoat | ||
| material | clay-pipe | ||
| sex | she-dog; Tom-cat | ||
| coordinative (relations) | combined functions | Oxbridge; Anglo-Saxon; woman-doctor | |
| tautological | roadway; courtyard; fifty-fifty; no-no | ||
| syntactic | killjoy | ||
| asyntactic | nuclear-free | ||
| idiomatic | blackboard | ||
| non-idiomatic | wheelchair, speedometer | ||
| endocentric | hairbrush; ashtray | ||
| exocentric | pickpocket; greenhorn |
7. SPEAK on Points 1-5.