Short mathematical dictionary

absolute value - The numerical value of a number, regard-less of the sign of the number.

acute angle - An angle less than 90° and more than 0°.

acute triangle - A triangle having all acute angles.

amount - The whole; the total; quantity.

angle - A figure formed when two straight lines inter­sect at a point.

approximate number - A number that is not exact but whose accuracy is sufficient for the purpose desired.

arc - Any part or a section of a circumference of a circle.

area - The number of square units contained in the surface of a plane figure.

bar graph - A graph made up of parallel bars whose lengths represent given quantities drawn to scale.

base (of a geometric configuration) - A line or surfaced upon which a plane or solid figure rests.

bisect - To cut into two equal parts, to divide in half.

circle - A closed plane curve all points of which are the same distance (called the radius) from a point within (called the centre).

circle graph - A graph in the form of a circle in which the angles (parts) indicate relations to each other and to the whole.

circumference - The curved line bounding a circle; the length or distance around a circle.

coefficient - A number written in front of an algebraic expression. common denominator - A number into which all the given denominators divide evenly.

compasses or compass - An instrument for drawing circles and arcs. cone - A solid figure having a circular base and curved surface which comes to a point at the vertex.

congruent triangles - Triangles that have the same and shape and can be made to coincide.

consecutive numbers - Numbers that follow one another such as 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. corresponding parts - Angles or sides of triangles which are placed in the figure in the same positions.

cube - A rectangular solid with 6 equal square faces the product obtained by multiplying a number by itself three times.

cylinder - A solid figure with bases made of two equal circles and with curved sides.

decagon - A polygon having ten sides and ten angles.

decimal fractions - A part of a whole expressed by using a decimal point.

degree - A unit used in measuring angles. 360°= one complete rotation.

diameter - A straight line drawn through the centre of a circle and dividing the circle into two equal parts.

digit - Any one of the ten numbers from 0 to 9.

dimension - A linear measurement such as the length, width, height of a figure.

equation - A statement showing the equality of two quantities.

equivalent fractions - Fractions having different forms but equal values.

evaluate - To determine the value of an unknown letter in a formula; to find the value of an algebraic expression by substituting in the arithmetic values of the literal quanti­ties.

exponent - The small number or letter written slightly above and to the right of a number or letter to indicate how many times the number is to be multiplied by itself.

factor - One of two or more numbers which when multi­plied together give a certain product.

formula - A statement of a general rule expressed by means, of letters and numbers.

graph - A representation of relationships by means of lines, bars, circles or symbols.

height - The distance from the top to the base of an object.

hemisphere - One half of a sphere.

hexagon - A plane figure having six sides and six angles.

hypotenuse - The side opposite the right angle in a right triangle.

isosceles triangle - A triangle having two equal sides.

like terms - The terms of an algebraic expression contain­ing the same letters.

lowest terms - When both the numerator and denomi­nator of a fraction are reduced as far as possible.

maximum - The greatest value of a quantity.

metric system - A system of weights and measures based on the decimal system. minimum - The smallest value of a quantity.

monomial - An algebraic expression consisting of a single term.

negative number - A number whose value is less than zero and which is preceded by minus sign.

obtuse angle -An angle containing more than Ш° but less than 180°.

obtuse triangle - A triangle containing an obtuse angle.

octagon - A plane figure containing 8 sides and 8 angles.

parallel lines - Lines that extend in the same direction and are the same distance apart no matter how far extended.

parallelogram - A four-sided figure (quadrilateral) whose opposite sides are parallel. pentagon - A plane figure with 5 sides and 5 angles.

per cent - A value expressed in hundredths using the per cent sign (%) or the words " per cent".

perimeter - The sum of the lengths around a plane figure.

perpendicular lines - Lines which intersect so as to form right angle.

pi (∏) - The ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter; я=3.14159 or 22/7. polygon - A plane figure having any number of sides and angles.

positive number - A number whose value is greater then a zero and which is sometimes preceded by plus sign.

protractor - An instrument marked off in degrees used for measuring or making off angles of a given size.

pyramid - A solid figure having triangles for faces.

quadrilateral - Any four sided plane figure.

radius - The distance or straight line from the centre to the circumference of a circle.

ratio - The comparison by means of a division of two like quantities. rectangle - A quadrilateral whose opposite sides equal and which has four right angles.

rectangular solid - A solid figure whose six faces are rectangles. regular figure - A plane figure whose angles are equals and whose sides are equal in length.

right angle - An angle which contains 90°; one fourth of a rotation. round number - A number that is approximate to a certain extent, not accurate.

scale drawing - A drawing that is the exact shape of an object but which is reduced or enlarged in size in a definite ratio.

scalene triangle - A triangle in which no two sides are equal.

secant - A line drawn through a circle and extending beyond it.

sector - The portion of a circle between two radii and an are.

semicircle - Half of a circle.

signed number - Positive and negative numbers, directed numbers.

solid figure - A figure having three dimensions: length, width and height.

sphere - A circular solid such that all points on a surface are the same distance from the centre.

square - A rectangle all of whose sides are equal, or the product obtained by multiplying a number by itself two times.

straight angle - An angle containing 180°.

symbol - A representation by means of a sign or a letter.

symmetry - The correspondence of parts such as lines or points.

term - A member of an expression.

trapezoid - A quadrilateral having two parallel sides.

triangle - A closed plane figure with three sides and three angles.

triangular prism - A solid figure having 3 rectangular faces and 2 parallel triangles for bases.

unlike terms -The terms of an algebraic expression con­taining different letters.

vertex - The point of intersection of the sides of an angle.

volume - The number of cubic units in a solid figure.

Основная литература

1. Агабекян, И. П. Английский язык для бакалавров = A Course of English for Bachelor’s Degree Students. Intermediate level / И. П. Агабекян. – Изд. 2-е, стер. – Ростов н/Д:
Феникс, 2012. – 379, [3] с.: ил. – (Высшее образование).

2. Гольцова, Е. В. Английский язык для пользователей ПК и программистов: Самоучитель. – СПб.: КОРОНА-Век, 2012. – 512 с.

3.Кудрявцева, Л. В. Тексты и контрольно-тренровочные упражнения по английскому языку для студентов отделения «Математика и информатика». – Славянск-на-Кубани, 2012. – 96 с.