Проанализируйте и переведите следующие предложения.

1. China yesterday attacked a US Senate resolution condemning Chi­
nese human rights violations, adding to tensions between the two giants.

2. The US President is scheduled to make a four-day, four-nation
swing through Central America.

3. The conservative parties' petition against the plan (to give citizen­
ship to millions of foreigners in Germany) was counterproductive, he
said, and would encourage xenophobia and bolster extreme-right groups.

4. Order books and industrial confidence have weakened significantly
since last spring, while industrial-production growth also has slowed
during the past year.

5. She is one of her party's most active and successful fund-raisers
and has used her political action committee to funnel campaign contribu­
tions to other House Representatives.

6....the public-safety commissioner of Birmingham, Ala., was ready
to use water canons and attack dogs on a group of civil rights demon­
strators.

7. However, domestic-based American export industry will lose the
dominant-currency advantage it has enjoyed for 50 years.

8. Among the other provisions of the administration's new crime
package are background checks for buyers at gun shows, a lifetime ban
on gun possession by juveniles convicted of certain violent crimes, and
child safety locks on all guns.

9. Major donor nations promised Cambodia $470 million in aid, but
they linked it to implementation of political and social reforms in the pov-
erty stricken nation.

10. The prewar corporate world was more loosely structured, allow­
ing smart, ambitious women to break out of the secretarial ranks.

11. The Santo Clara company, the world's biggest chipmaker, was
expected to discuss encryption and other information-security issues at an
industry conference that began Monday in San Jose, California.

12. The euro zone is facing a short-lived growth slump because of
problems in Brazil and other regions across the globe, the president of the
European Central Bank said.

13. Apart from pay and pension fund cuts, the earlier cost-cutting
moves included lower utility, transport and rental costs.

14. Home Office spokesman said yesterday that their policy was not to
disclose any information about a taxpayer or his affairs without his prior
consent.

15. The announcement of assistance to Cambodia by 17 donor coun­
tries and six international finance organizations was made at the close of
the two-day Consultative Group Meeting for Cambodia.

16. The Treasurer introduced a Bill to implement the Government's
plan to give preferential taxation treatment to life insurance companies.

17. Bangladeshis went to work and schools Friday, to recoup losses
suffered from a three-day anti-government strike that paralyzed the
country's main cities and claimed seven lives.

18. In Suburbia live one-third of the nation, who represent every patch
of democracy's hand-stitched quilt, every economic layer, every laboring
and professional pursuit in the country.

19. Suburbia is the nation's broadening young middle class, staking
out its claim across the landscape, prospecting on a trial-and-error bal­
ance for the good way of life for itself and for the children that it pro­
duces with such rapidity.

20. The United Nations' Drugs Control Programme (UNDCP) could
become the centerpiece of a special session of the UN General Assembly
in June, leading to a new global drug-control convention to replace the
cat's-cradle of existing accords.

21. This [the elections to the new Scottish parliament] has been per-

haps the first revolution (how else do you describe the re-establishment of a nation's government?) that has been conducted by pen-pushing com­mittees of lawyers, clergymen and accountants rather than cells of bearded radicals.

22. Unfortunately, his choices on Europe are likely to be more com­
plicated than a clash between a forward-looking embrace of Europe, and
a backward-looking scepticism

23. If Mr. Blair is not careful enough [with the modernisation of the
welfare state] he could end up with a mess, like Mr. Clinton's ill-fated
health-care reforms.

24. Britain's classrooms face collapse. This stark warning comes from
the government's own official schools inspectors who issued their latest
annual report yesterday.

And their devastating indictment of the impact of the cuts wrung the admission from Education Secretary that every third school did not have enough books and every fifth school did not have enough teachers.

25. Canada's defence industry is up in arms over changes to US export
control regulations that have eliminated Canada's long-standing exemp­
tion from certain US export licensing requirements.

26. Backing Thursday's mass lobby was the first decision taken by
delegates from 30 union organisations called together by steel workers
action groups at the weekend to set up a grass-roots Fight Back for jobs
movement.

27. The Japanese government, and some economists elsewhere, have
proposed that Europe, the United States and Japan set exchange rate
«target zones» so as to re-establish the stable international currency re­
lationships that existed under the Bretton Woods system and ended when
the United States «floated» the dollar in 1971.

28. The war in Guatemala, which began in 1960, pitted a rightist
military-controlled government against a classic Latin American leftist
insurgency.

29. Credit Lyonnais 's privatisation arrangements will be published
after discussions with the European Commission, officials at the French
Finance Ministry said.

30. The broad network of community, trade union, professional, sen­
ior citizen, and public interest groups that organized the state's Citizen
Labor Energy Coalition is the decisive force in the current struggle.

31. The economic assistance package was discussed briefly during a
private briefing of the Senate Appropriations Committee by senior offi­
cials from the Departments of State and Defence, and the CIA.

32. Coupled with the spending and tax proposals were changes in the
federal regulatory process and monetary policy.

33. When recession suggests a continentwide need for stimulus, the
pressure will be on the member states (of the EU) to create some sort of
joint fiscal decision-making mechanism

34. When mothers return to their jobs, reliable, affordable child care
is provided by a vast network of government-backed neighborhood day-
care centers

35. John Kasich, the 46-year-old House budget chairman, is a popu­
list fighting «corporate welfare» tax cuts for big business. And he's a
maverick who helped Democrats try to kill spending for the B-2 bomber
and pass a ban on assault weapons.

36. In the past few years coordination agencies have been created by
the Government to include a Foreign Exchange Committee and an Inter­
nal Finance Committee, and the Central Bank and the Ministries of Fi­
nance, Commerce and State Enterprises exert some influence in this
sphere.

37. A week of county council election opened in England and Wales
yesterday when Monmouthshire and Norfolk went to the polls.

38. Public support for the railway strike decision is growing. This is
shown in an opinion poll published in yesterday's Mail.

39. The protest is against National Coal Board redundancy notices to
140 miners, mainly young men of under 21, which take effect today.

40. An official from Taiwan's China Development Corporation, the
island's biggest investment group, has described the current condition as
a «once-in-a-lifetime opportunity.»

41. Reflecting on last week's disastrous local election results most
Labour MPs have at last realized that their Prime Minister's home and
foreign policies are vote-losers

42. The get-rich-quick mania also plays into people's natural com­
petitiveness and, often, deep-seated feelings of inadequacy.

43. Only one-quarter of the world's synoptic surface weather obser­
vation posts are below the Equator.

44. The three month United Nations World Trade and Development
Conference, which was attended by representatives of 122 Governments,
was called the Little General Assembly.

45. Now the Civil Rights Commission, in two days of open hearings,
has turned the spotlight on the near-ghetto conditions in which Blacks
live in the only major city in the country where they are in a majority.

46. The three-man UN mission leaves London today after four days of
talks with the British Government. The mission yesterday described the
London talks as «useful».

47. The president has ordered up a war. A humanitarian crisis has
erupted. And the Republicans? Save for the predictable isolationism of
Pat Buchanan and the direct we 're-in-it-let 's-win-it response of John
McCain, they're flummoxed — and it's gone from bad to worse.

48. Several magistrates are staying away from the civic luncheon be­
ing given by the Labour-controlled city magistrates

49. Paradoxically, the poll returns mean that he will be able to go
ahead with his plan to introduce a pay-as-you-earn income tax scheme,
which had been the main issue of the elections.

50. The contest, also held on May 6th but on traditional first-past-the-
post rules, produced some grossly skewed results.

51. Most of British men who came to adulthood in the first half of the
century had stay-at-home wives and manual jobs.

52. The country has become an anything-goes, chaotically libertarian
society

53. Members of Parliament of all shades last night in the Commons
fought a genuine, no-holds-barred scrap over the fate of Britain's unem­
ployment.

54. The Prime Minister back-to-hearth-and-kitchen reproach to
women — many of whom will themselves feel very angry at her attempt
to make them feel guilty for going out to work — comes at the end of a
year of attacks on provision for children.

55. There was never a promise to aid an uprising lest it result in the
fragmenting of the Iraqi state with who-knows-what consequences for the
region's balance of power.

56. Far more questionable are the restrictions proposed for the state-
financed unemployment benefit programs for the short-term unemployed

57. Civil Service unions, who staged a one-day nationwide protest
walkout Monday against government pay curbs, threatened widespread
chaos at airports at midnight Thursday, aimed at U.S. airliners.

58. The report listed a whole range of tax-deductible items available to
companies, including company houses, yachts for entertaining overseas
clients and even company racehorses.

59. The author criticized the American reporters for relying too much
on interviews and too little on documented evidence, for chasing too
many spot stories and spending too little time examining long-term
trends

60. It was disquieting to learn the other day that a CIA-led task force
has proposed removing many current restraints on collecting information
on Americans — on Americans, moreover, neither accused nor suspected
of committing any crime.

61. Gun control has been a hotly debated national issue for the last
two decades. But with every assassination and attempted assassination,
public outcries for effective national controls have been followed either
by congressional inaction or passage of such weak legislation that gun-
control proponents have branded it of little use.

62. The sources said the US President was reluctant to take part in a
North-South summit meeting after a eight-nation economic summit meet­
ing.

63. «These supply-oriented policies are directed at the medium-term,»
the panel said. «If they are successful, it will raise the international com­
petitiveness of German products.»

64. Militant regional leaders of Britain's miners defied a return-to-
work order from their national union Thursday, declaring mistrust of the
Conservative government despite its abrupt turnaround over threatened
pit closures.

65. The cool, pragmatic premier lately had come under a barrage of
criticism from the right-wing and others in his faction-ridden Union of
the Democratic Center, which was supposed to have begun its second
congress Thursday on the island of Majorca.

66. The left, they [centre-right politicians] concede has done better at
presenting itself as a source of reassurance, a comforting pair of hands to
protect ordinary people against the wicked forces of unfettered market
economics. The New Left stands for a kind of anti-post-cold-was-
capitalist triumphalism, which plays mercilessly on the caricature of an
unfeeling Right.

67. Sanyo Electric expects to show record profit and sales figures for
the year ending next Nov. 30, company president said Tuesday. He said
after-tax profit for the period will rise.

68. The tricky job of unemployment-benefit policy-makers is thus to
provide adequate compensation to allow worker adjustment to necessary
economic change without, at the same time, interfering with labor mar­
kets by promoting worker turnover, increasing payroll costs and pro­
longing unemployment.

69. Mere mention of the Senate Democrats these days calls to mind a
row of chin-on-fist Rodin figures, all of course called The Rethinkers. But
we suspect those ostensibly «rethinking» Democrats we have been hear-

ing so much about are going to have to give some early and careful thought to their opposition role. It is one with which they are unfamiliar and, some would say, for which they are temperamentally breathtakingly unsuited. The tension on their side of the aisle (and, in a way, within the Democratic majority in the House as well) is likely to» be between the hothead, fight-everything, obstruct-wherever-you-can folks and those (soon to be called «sell-outs») who will be arguing the old line about re­straint and being seen to be helping the administration govern.

70. «However, the of-necessity somewhat hypocritical nature of a
number of our findings and their dependence on certain political, biologi­
cal and technical assumptions is a feature they share with many contem­
porary planning schemes,» he said.

71. Such divisions [in the president's party] exist on trade, for exam­
ple. Mr. Clinton's economic team, is by and large supportive of trade lib­
eralisation, whereas the labour-union base of the Democratic Party is
hostile. This explains why Mr. Clinton never made a convincing case for
fast-track trade-negotiating authority, which Congress consequently
blocked.

72. In one breath senior Republicans are calling for a national dia­
logue on tax reform to simplify the country's distorted tax code. In an­
other, they are clamouring for an end to the «marriage tax penalty» —
the fact that many couples pay more taxes if they marry than if they re­
main single. Ending this «penalty» implies an expensive, loophole-
creating tax cut within the existing system.

§ 14. НЕОЛОГИЗМЫ

I. Неологизмы — это новые слова, еще не зарегистрированные в
англо-русских словарях, или не зафиксированные словарями новые
значения слов, уже существующих в языке.

Для уяснения значения неологизма рекомендуется: 1) выяснить значение слова из контекста, 2) обратиться к послед­нему изданию одного из англо-русских или англо-английских сло­варей и попытаться отыскать данное слово в разделе «Новые сло­ва», 3) постараться выяснить значение нового слова, исходя из его структуры.

II. При переводе неологизмов используются следующие пере­
водческие приемы: 1) транскрипция, 2) транслитерация, 3) кальки­
рование, 4) описательный перевод.

1) Примеры транскрибирования неологизмов: beatniks битники,
beatles битлзы, briefing брифинг, p.r.(public relations) — пиар

2) Транслитерация в настоящее время практически не употребля­
ется: inauguration инаугурация, Benelux Бенелюкс

3) Примеры калькирования неологизмов (т. е. воспроизведения
средствами русского языка значения и морфологической структуры
нового английского слова или словосочетания): air bridge воздушный
мост, shadow cabinet теневой кабинет, nuclear umbrella ядерный
зонтик, brain trust мозговой трест

4) Примеры описательного перевода: to lobby посылать делега­
тов для оказания давления на членов парламента — депутатов их
округа, deterrent средство устрашения, сдерживающее средство,
оружие, redundancy увольнение по сокращению штатов, landslide
полная (блестящая) победа на выборах, gimmick трюк, штучка,
хитроумное приспособление, какое-либо новшество, направленное
на то, чтобы привлечь всеобщее внимание, brain drain эмиграция
квалифицированных кадров («утечка умов»), brain washing идеоло­
гическая обработка («промывание мозгов»), hawks and doves сто­
ронники расширения войны и сторонники мира («ястребы и голу­
би»), brain power квалифицированные кадры, brain tank мозговой
трест, brain bank банк информации, think tank исследовательская
группа, мозговой трест, резервуар научных кадров, научный центр,
fact sheet перечень (документ о) фактических данных, skinheaded
бритоголовые (часто о фашиствующей молодежи); low profile
скромный, малозаметный, high profile яркий, очень заметный, вы­
дающийся, runaways предприятия, переведенные на другую терри­
торию или за границу