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Упр. 31. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод сложных сказуемых.
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1. He is studying jurisprudence. 2. The investigator will have prepared the documents for the trial by the end of the week. 3. This barrister did not specialize in criminal cases. 4. By the end of this year my friend will have been working in the Criminal Investigation Department for 5 years. 5. The Federal Bureau of Investigation has classified crimes into 27 types. 6. Today hostage-siege situations have become a major form of terrorist activity throughout the world. 7. The duties performed by police have been changing in recent times. 8. The modern police are doing all they can to get up-to-date information of the extent, methods, channels, and personnel of the illicit traffic of drugs. 9. The volume of bank robbery has increased dramatically since the days when Bonnie and Clyde were redistributing the wealth. 10. The police officers are often dealing with difficult situations and are under constant stress. 11. Drug addicts are getting younger. 12. The British police have evolved and perfected their techniques for dealing with hostage situations.
| § 28. СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ Грамматическая категория залога показывает, является ли подлежащее действующим лицом в предложении или над подлежащим совершается действие. Если подлежащее является действующим лицом, предложение стоит в действительном залоге. Например. Я перевёл эту английскую статью за 2 часа. Если над подлежащим совершается действие, предложение стоит в страдательном залоге. Например. Эта английская статья была переведена за 2 часа. Определить залог можно по сказуемому. В предложении, стоящем в действительном залоге, сказуемое выражается глаголом в одном из времён. Например. I translated this English article into Russian. Я перевёл эту английскую статью на русский язык. В предложении в страдательном залоге английское сказуемое состоит из глагола TO BE в любом времени и причастия прошедшего времени. Например. The article is translated into Russian. Статья переведена на русский язык. |
Упр. 32. Не переводя предложения, определите по сказуемому, кем является подлежащее: полицейским или преступником.
1. He fined him for illegal parking. 2. He is fined for illegal parking. 3. They were arrested for shop-lifting. 4. They arrested them for shop-lifting. 5. He was told to show his driving license. 6. He told him to show his driving license. 7. They were interrogating him in the police office for 2 hours. 8. They were being interrogated in the police office for 2 hours. 9. He has been stopped for speeding. 10. He has stopped him for speeding.
| § 29. СПОСОБЫ ПЕРЕВОДА СКАЗУЕМОГО В СТРАДАТЕЛЬНОМ ЗАЛОГЕ НА РУССКИЙ ЯЗЫК Сказуемое в страдательном залоге переводится на русский язык следующими способами: 1) Кратким причастием с окончанием –Н или –Т. Например. The letter is E-mailed. Письмо отправлено по электронной почте. 2) Глаголом с окончанием –СЯ. Например. A new metro line is being constructed now. Сейчас строится новая линия метро. 3) Неопределённо-личным предложением. Например. A new film was demonstrated on TV yesterday. Вчера по телевизору показали новый фильм. 4) Если после сказуемого в страдательном залоге следует дополнение с предлогом BY, то можно начинать переводить предложение с дополнения, сделав его подлежащим, а сказуемое перевести глаголом. Например. The lecture was attended by many students. Много студентов присутствовали на лекции. |
Упр. 33. Обращая внимание на сказуемое в страдательном залоге, переведите его на русский язык следующими способами:
a) кратким причастием с окончаниями –Н, -Т.
1. The work is done well. 2. The letters will be E-mailed tomorrow. 3. The managing apparatus was reduced and greater rights and independence were given to the district militia departments. 4. All human rights of the American people are defined in the " Bill of Rights". 5. The officer reported to his chief that the task had been carried out. 6. The candidature to the post of the Interior Minister must be approved by Duma.
b) глаголом с окончанием –СЯ;
1. Lemons and oranges are exported from Spain to many countries. 2. Scotland is associated with sheep and kilt. 3. Police divisions in the city of Copenhagen are divided into nine geographic areas. 4. Cocaine is cultivated and mainly processed in South America. 5. Usually a polygraph examination is conducted after an ordinary interrogation.
c) неопределённо-личными предложениями;
1. English is spoken all over the world. 2. A lot of rice is eaten in Asia. 3. A great deal of tea is drunk in England. 4. The policemen were given the plan of the operation. 5. He is told to come to the chief as soon as possible. 6. The chief was shown some classified documents. 7. The policeman was asked the way to the centre. 8. We'll be driven to the airport in time. 9. The criminal was handcuffed and searched.
d) переведите на русский язык английское дополнение с предлогом " by" -подлежащим, а сказуемое – глаголом в соответствующем времени.
1. Pyramids were built by Egyptians around 1400 AD. 2. The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876. 3. The contract has been signed by the manager today. 4. The stolen car has been found by police this week. 5. In the USA the district judges are appointed by the President with the Senate approval.