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Gender psychology of leadership.






The subject of this branch covers the study of the differences between men and women-leaders and gender socialization of leadership, female management psychology. One of the most common foreign theories of leadership is a behaviorist dynamic model of exchange in a dyad " leader-follower» of LMX G. Graen. According to G. Feyrhusta, women leaders can form with a male-subordinate relationship both low and high LMX.Situation-official approach of R. House and J.Hunt takes in the first place the person in the position of the official structure, a position he holds in the organization, not the sex..Results obtained K. Johnson, show the effect of a formal position on the verbal and gender impact - on nonverbal gender behavior. The concept of gender flow advanced by B. Gutek, in contrast to the situation-official approach considers gender factor is dominant: it is so powerful that it spreads its influence on other roles, including on leadership, pouring like a stream, all around it.Theory of gender selection (J. Bowman, C. Sutton) is based on the assumption that people and organizations in particular, have different requirements with respect to the leaders of different sexes; towards women these requirements are higher.

Gender psychology - a branch of psychology that studies the regularities of the formation and development of personality characteristics as a representative of a certain sex, due to sexual differentiation, stratification and hierarchy.

The gender psychology study not just the differences in the psychological characteristics of men and women but also those of personal development patterns that are caused by the phenomena of sexual differentiation, stratification and hierarchy. Also important is the analysis of psychological methods and mechanisms that allow men and women to understand and use the effect of gender on the processes of self-realization.

The psychology of gender in the analysis of the problems of sexual differentiation emphasis is made on the hierarchy of roles, statuses, positions of men and women. And sex, and gender are systems of symbols that form a certain order of relationships between people, their attitudes to various manifestations of sexuality, as well as define the presentation of himself to others in a variety of practices of social interaction, which can be presented as gender stereotypes. Gender stereotypes act as circuits, thanks to which we are more likely to notice and remember examples to support our sustainable beliefs about gender. Gender stereotypes determine the status characteristics for men and women, consolidating the leading position of men and discriminatory practices against woman. Questions on studying the psychology of men and women and how they differ from each other is directly related not only to the person as such, but also to society as a whole and in particular science. General psychology for a long time ignored the sex as the basic aspect of human nature. Social psychology also refused to recognize gender as a component of the base of one of the most powerful dialectical contradictions that define the interaction between people in the society. Gender Psychology seeks to fill this gap, as a branch of psychology that studies the regularities of the formation and development of personality characteristics as a representative of a certain sex, due to sexual differentiation, stratification and hierarchy. Main theoretical direction in which the gender psychology developing - a socio-constructivist theory, the basic idea of which is that social psychology, not only in its behaviorist paradigm, but also in the traditional cognitivist underestimates the value of the construction of the social world, as the main component of cognitive activity, says G.M. Andreeva [3, P. 39].

Currently, gender studies are widely held throughout the world. This question is considered by many leading scientists, psychologists, such as S. Berne [10 P. 32] D. Myers [26, p. 257] I.S. Cohn [24, p. 766] I.S. Kletsina [22, p. 189] T.V. Bendas [7, P. 134], O.A. Voronina [13, p. 101]. A weakness of gender psychology is a small amount of generalizing theories, research in different directions, which are still, not unified both theoretical base and unified program.

 


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