Task 14. Transform the following sentences so that they contain constructions with Active Voice.

1. The word ‘global’ is used a lot these days. 2. A small number of the Japanese cars were first imported into the US in 1968. 3. Today, global studies are established as an academic field of study in its own right. 4. Most academic pursuits that have adopted the ‘global studies’ label are developed around the idea that this is a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary enterprise. 5. Coltan has been mined by warring rebel groups and used to finance a devastating civil war. 6. Another common theme, which is frequently discussed by globalization scholars, is the compression of time. 7. Clearly, the accelerations discussed above were made possible by the development of new technologies. 8. ‘Culture’ is a term that is used so often and in so many contexts that it sometimes seems to mean everything and nothing. 9. Many scholars point out that global cultural shifts toward homogeneity, or sameness, were hastened in the early 1990s after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War. 10. Since its earliest appearance in the 1960s, the term ‘globalization’ has been used in both popular and academic literature to describe a process, a condition, a system, a force, and an age. 11. For example, it is conceivable that globality might be transformed into something we could call ‘planetarity’ – a new social formation brought about by the successful colonization of our solar system. 12. Conversely, the term ‘globalization’ should be used to refer to a set of social processes that are thought to transform our present social condition into one of globality. 13. Globalization can thus be defined as the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa. 14. Unfortunately, his allegations have been contested. 15. High migration rate is often seen by politologists as the consequence of globalization process.

Task 15. Identify the tense and voice of the following verbs:

1. is described; 2. was argued; 3. will be emphasized; 4. had experienced; 5. are being described; 6. were viewed; 7. has been highlighted; 8. had been mined; 9. were made; 10. started; 11. have disagreed; 12. were discussing; 13. will be fostering; 14. has become; 15. is being changed.

Task 16. Open the brackets using the correct form of verb in Passive Voice:

Globalization processes, including the rise of transnational corporations, the ubiquity of Western popular culture, and the ease of long-distance, high-speed travel, have transformed societies, some of the differences among them 1. (to erase) and similar environments in many places around the globe 2. (to create). Indeed, more similarities 3. (to share) by most major cities around the world than ever before, and many of these similarities are Western, such as the pervasiveness of American fast food, Western business suits, Hollywood movies, and the English language.

Cultural cross-fertilizations have always occurred, and they do change cultures, sometimes in small ways and other times in larger ways. However, less powerful cultures not necessarily 4. (to turn) by these exchanges into replicas of a dominant culture. It 5. (to argue) by Legrain that “new hybrid cultures are emerging, and regional ones re-emerging” and thus both greater singularity and diversity within societies 6. (to produce). The ubiquity of American food chains, for example, does not necessarily erase specific regional cuisines. In fact, a resurgence of interest in preserving local cuisines can actually 7. (to incite) by the presence of American restaurants. These local and global food choices may coexist and/or contribute to the creation of culinary fusions that are neither one nor the other, but rather something altogether new. Likewise the explosion of Mexican, Indian, Thai, and other ‘foreign’ restaurants in the US suggests that US eating habits also 8. (to open) to change and global influence.

Clearly, different positions 9. (to take) by scholars regarding the effects and forces of cul­tural globalization. These disagreements 10. (to cause) in part by the fact that cultural flows are complex, and, as such, their results are often uneven and contradictory.