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The United Nations organization
1. The United Nations was born on October 24, 1945. The emergence of the UN as an international organization expressed the will of the peoples to prevent another war. October 24 is now marked each year as United Nations Day. 2. The United Nation is an organization of sovereign nations representing almost all of humanity. It has its central goal – the maintenance of international peace and security. The organization calls for development of friendly relations among nations based on equal rights and self-determination of peoples, the solution of problems of an economic, social, cultural and humanitarian nature jointly. 3. There are six main organs in the UNO: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Secretariat, the Trusteeship Council and the International Court of Justice. The Court has its seat at the Hague, Netherlands. All other organs are based at the United Nations Headquarters in New York. 4. The United Nations has played and continues to play an active role in reducing tension in the world, preventing conflicts and putting an end to fighting. 5. There are over one hundred and eighty states in the UNO now. The members of the General Assembly talk to each other in many languages, but officially there are only six – Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Spanish and Russian.
VII. Прочитайте 3 абзац текста и письменно ответьте на вопрос: Where has the International Court of Justice its seat?
ВАРИАНТ 2. I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.
a) ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
Spoke – Past Indefinite Active от нестандартного глагола to speak.
1. The famous advocate is collecting facts necessary for the trial. 2. The courts of law impose imprisonment on persons who have committed grave offences.
б) ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
Are classified – Present Indefinite Passive от стандартного глагола to classify. 1. The modern English prison system is based upon the Criminal Justice Act (1948). 2. In the 16th century ''houses of correction'' were established in England.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в них Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли причастие определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
(While)discussing – Participle I, обстоятельство. Dealing with – Participle I, определение.
(When) questioned – Participle II, обстоятельство. (Had) committed - Participle II, составная часть видовременной формы Past Perfect Active от глагола to commit. 1. About one third of all convicted juveniles are sentenced to measures of punishment not including deprivation of freedom. 2. Till this day the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg has lost none of its urgency. 3. Judging from worldwide practice it is impossible to avoid judicial mistakes in all cases.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
1. Juveniles in correctional institutions shall receive care, protection and all necessary assistance – social, educational, psychological, medical. 2. The Attorney-General (генеральный прокурор) may take advice from colleagues in the government but cannot be instructed by them. 3. The judges ought to act according to the law.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения, найдите и подчеркните в них Gerund. Предложения переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на функции герундия.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
1. If the State has taken a person into a prison then the State is responsible for feeding, clothing and caring for that person. 2. Before passing its sentences the court thoroughly investigates the causes of crimes.
V. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
1. We know juvenile delinquency is associated with bad home conditions. 2. The sentence the court passes over the criminal must be just.
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 3, 4 абзацы текста. Пояснения к тексту:
1. magistrates' courts – суды магистратов 2. Crown court – cуд присяжных 3. justices of the Pеace – мировые судьи 4. the Lord Chancellor – Лорд Канцлер
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