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Life imprisonment
1. The term ''life imprisonment'' has different meanings in various countries. States impose life sentences for different ranges of offences and the USA that release life sentenced prisoners do it in a variety of ways. Only in exceptional case a life sentence means that a person must spend the rest of his life in prison. 2. Life imprisonment is of particular importance as it is often the most severe penal sanction in countries where the death penalty is not applied. The sentences of life imprisonment can also be used as a form of indefinite preventive detention for the protection of society from ''dangerous'' or incorrigible offenders. 3. Life imprisonment and long-term incarceration produce problems for those serving such sentences: social isolation, total dependence, loneliness, loss of responsibility. They should be recognized as a distinct group of long-term prisoners and should be treated accordingly. 4. Assessment programs that evaluate prisoners suitability for release are essential for the effective management of indeterminate sentences. Life sentenced prisoners generally do not know when they will be released, how they will be released or whether they will be released at all.
VII. Прочитайте 3 абзац текста и письменно ответьте на вопрос: What problems do life imprisonment and long term incarceration produce for prisoners?
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № III. ВАРИАНТ 1. I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
Does not permit – Present Indefinite Active от глагола to permit. Have been tried – Present Perfect Passive от глагола to try.
Are referred to – Present Indefinite Passive от глагола to refer to. 1. A large number of citizens is ordered to attend the court for jury service after being chosen by lot from the list of electors. 2. Vast sums are being spent on building of new prisons but prisons are still overcrowded making rehabilitation of inmates difficult. 3. The legal reform in Russia had been conducted with more success than many other reforms. 4. The article ''Problems of adjustment to society life upon release'' published by Pr. Darell is much spoken about.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, найдите в них и подчеркните слова it, that, one. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения этих слов.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
1. It is life imprisonment that is of particular importance as it is often the most severe penal sanction in countries where death penalty is not applied. 2. It was the Parliament Act of 1911 that restricted powers of the House of Lords. 3. It is important to realize life advantages in a free society. 4. Not all bodies of state power in Great Britain are elected ones. 5. One should know that concealment of the criminal and the instruments of the crime or objects acquired criminally are punished by law. . III. Перепишите следующие предложения, найдите в них и подчеркните инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
1. The last state to pass the parole law was Mississippi in 1944. 2. John Howard, a great prison reformer, was the first to see awful sanitary conditions and abuses in prisons throughout Europe. 3. To pass a sentence a crime must be investigated and examined by the court in accordance with the criminal procedure established by law. 4. Twelve people are chosen to serve as a jury, but the number of them can be rejected up to seven.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения, найдите в них независимый причастный оборот и подчеркните его. Переведите предложения, учитывая особенности перевода независимого причастного оборота на русский язык.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
1. Justices of the Peace having no formal qualification, political parties choose and support them for their good reputation. 2. In the court trials against juvenile delinquents an advocate and a public prosecutor must take part without fail, the latter's function being to assist the court to pass a just sentence.
V. Перепишите следующие сложные предложения, найдите в них придаточные предложения условия и подчеркните их. Переведите предложения, учитывая особенности перевода условных предложений на русский язык.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
1. If an accused is guilty he will be sentenced by a court. 2. If criminality did not exist in our times, there would be no need of finding the ways and means for overcoming this phenomenon. 3. If these parents had ensured proper upbringing of their son, he would not have become an offender.
VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Найдите и подчеркните в них инфинитивные обороты. Помните, что объектные и субъектные инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
1. The prison Act (1865) is known to have introduced a new approach to imprisonment. 2. The investigator made a witness present incontrovertible proof.
VII. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 4 абзацы текста.
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