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Magistrates's courts
1. Every person charged with an offence is summoned to appear before a local magistrate's court. Such court may impose a fine up to 2000 pounds or twelve months' imprisonment. For some specified offences the laws prescribes maximum penalties below these limits. 2. With 98 per cent of cases the magistrates decide on guilt or innocence, and if necessary what penalty to impose. With more serious cases the magistrates can decide only to send them for trial in a crown court. A person accused before a magistrates' court may demand to sent for trial before a crown court in some of more serious cases. 3. A magistrates' court normally consists of three Justices of the Peace (JPs). The JPs are ordinary but worthy citizens. The Lord Chancellor on advice of local administrative committees appoints them to their positions. 4. JPs have no formal qualifications; they are chosen merely for their good reputation, often with the support of political parties. Once appointed, they are expected to attend courses of instruction about their work. There are 28000 JPs in England; each of them works in the court on about 30-50 days a year.
VII. Прочитайте 2 абзац текста и письменно ответьте на вопрос: What may a person accused before a magistrates' court demand?
ВАРИАНТ 3. I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.
a) ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
Spoke – Past Indefinite Active от нестандартного глагола to speak. 1. The professional judges, ''High Court Judges'', deal with the most serious crimes. 2. The member of Parliament is introducing the draft of a new prison law now.
б) ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
Are classified – Present Indefinite Passive от стандартного глагола to classify. 1. Prisoners are housed in correctional institutions ranging from open prisons to high-security establishments. 2. The first American penitentiary was built in Philadelphia to serve as a jail for all convicted felons.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в них Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли причастие определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
(While)discussing – Participle I, обстоятельство. Dealing with – Participle I, определение.
(When) questioned – Participle II, обстоятельство. (Had) committed - Participle II, составная часть видовременной формы Past Perfect Active от глагола to commit. 1. Probation is a system of punishment of a person convicted of an offence avoid imprisonment. 2. Voting independently, the General Assembly and the Security Council elect the judges of the International Court of Justice. 3. When passed by the Supreme Court the sentence cannot be appealed.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
1. The punishment should be just in respect to each criminal and at the same time it should encourage the correction of the convicted persons. 2. No person can be arrested without sanction of a procurator. 3. The medical services in prisons shall include a psychiatric service for the diagnoses and the treatment of states of mental abnormality.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения, найдите и подчеркните в них Gerund. Предложения переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на функции герундия.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
1. All members states of the UNO have a voice and an equal vote in shaping a common course of action. 2. The overall purpose of protecting society is deterring persons from committing a crime. 3. After studying some penitentiary systems practically all European countries adopted the Pennsylvania system.
V. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
1. The principles the progressives laid down in the UN Charter are just and humane. 2. Penologists believe it is necessary to inform prisoners about their rights and duties.
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3, 4 абзацы текста.
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