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Women in European prisons
1. Female prisons represent only 4-6% of the prison population in most European countries. The generally small proportion leads to specific problems. Some countries have only one prison for female prisoners e. g. Hungary, Czech Republic, Latvia. This may allow for adequate employment and care services, but often results in the women being detained at great distance from their social relations, thus hampering visits and preparations for their social reintegration. 2. In other countries female prisoners are detained in special wings in male prisons, e. g. local remand prisons (e. g. Belgium, Germany, Sweden, Spain, Austria, Denmark). This makes them closer to their social background, but results in their being held in more secure circumstances than necessary and often with lack of adequate regime and activities. 3. Mothers with small children also raise special problems. Many countries have special prison units for mothers with babies or small children, usually up to 2 or 3 years old. In Belgium, Denmark, Germany children are brought to normal daycare centres in the community during the day, to allow for normal surroundings and contacts outside the prison while the mother takes care of the child in the evening. 4. The absence of and normal prison visits to an imprisoned parent either mother or father are traumatic for (even older) children and parents. In some countries, community volunteers or organizations accompany the children to the prison and offer support and guidance to the children and parents who wish (e. g. in France, in Belgium, in Switzerland). In others, a mother can be allowed an interruption of execution of the sentence in order to visit her children for up to 30 days a year.(e.g. Czech Republic).
VIII. Прочитайте 4 абзац текста и письменно ответьте на вопрос: What can a mother be allowed in order to visit her children?
ВАРИАНТ 4. I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
Does not permit – Present Indefinite Active от глагола to permit. Have been tried – Present Perfect Passive от глагола to try.
Are referred to – Present Indefinite Passive от глагола to refer to.
1. A conference on prisoners rights is being held in Moscow now. 2. After all evidence has been given the judge summarizes the case, both law and facts, for the jury. 3. The first legislation on indeterminate sentence was passed by Michigan in 1867. 4. The UNO has been called upon to play an important role in the affairs of mankind.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, найдите в них и подчеркните слова it, that, one. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения этих слов.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
1. Besides judicial function the International Court of Justice performs consultative ones. 2. It was Edward Henry who worked out fingerprint classification system. 3. Each state of the USA has a constitution similar to that of the entire nation. 4. It is generally believed that unemployment plays a great role in crime rates. 5. One who is arrested may refuse to answer the police questions or insist on answering only in presence of a solicitor as a legal adviser.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, найдите в них и подчеркните инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
1. It is necessary to be a registered elector between the ages of 18 and 65 to qualify for jury. 2. All prisoners to be released through the parole procedure should be selected and supervised. 3. The investigator is seldom the first to arrive at the scene of a crime. 4. The most important question to be discussed when speaking about probation is that of adequate supervision.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения, найдите в них независимый причастный оборот и подчеркните его. Переведите предложения, учитывая особенности перевода независимого причастного оборота на русский язык.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
1. The General Assembly is composed of all member states, each member having not more than five representatives in the Assembly. 2. A bill being signed by the Queen, it becomes an act of Parliament.
V. Перепишите следующие сложные предложения, найдите в них придаточные предложения условия и подчеркните их. Переведите предложения, учитывая особенности перевода условных предложений на русский язык.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
1. If a parolee commits another offence against the law he may be returned to an institution. 2. If there were no international law it would be difficult to regulate the relations between countries. 3. Criminality would have been liquidated long ago if all people had observed the law.
VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Найдите и подчеркните в них инфинитивные обороты. Помните, что объектные и субъектные инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
1. Parole is known to be composed of three fundamental processes: preparation, selection, supervision. 2. One may expect this method to be reliable for criminals' reformation.
VII. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3, 4 абзацы текста.
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