![]() Главная страница Случайная страница КАТЕГОРИИ: АвтомобилиАстрономияБиологияГеографияДом и садДругие языкиДругоеИнформатикаИсторияКультураЛитератураЛогикаМатематикаМедицинаМеталлургияМеханикаОбразованиеОхрана трудаПедагогикаПолитикаПравоПсихологияРелигияРиторикаСоциологияСпортСтроительствоТехнологияТуризмФизикаФилософияФинансыХимияЧерчениеЭкологияЭкономикаЭлектроника |
Juvenile prisoners in Europe
1. All European countries give special attention to avoid imprisonment of juvenile offenders. Crime policy has been strongly influenced by international recommendations and standard rules for juveniles deprived of liberty. The Recommendation of the Council of Europe on ''Social reactions to juvenile delinquency'' emphasizes the use of imprisonment only as a last resort and for the shortest period. 2. Many European countries e. g. Austria, England, Wales, Germany, Netherlands strengthened the efforts to avoid incarceration by extending the scope of community sanctions (mediation, intermediate sanction, community service etc.) This evolution can be observed in Central and Eastern European countries: Slovenia, Croatia, Czech Republic etc. 3. On the other hand a reverse trend of institutionalization can be seen to some extent. The English Criminal Justice Act of 1994 introduced the secure training order for 12-14 years old children. The Crime and Public Order Act of 1998 expanded also the possibilities for more severe reactions (''no more excuses''). In general, the juvenile justice systems kept the policy of imprisonment as a last resort. 4. The juvenile prison regimes and living conditions are more moderate and better than those in prisons for adults. Most juvenile prisons emphasize on specific school education programs and vocational training. Many of the newer prisons provide new methods of organizing leisure time activities. Social workers, teachers, vocational training tutors, psychologists are involved in the process of reformation of juvenile prisoners.
VIII. Прочитайте 4 абзац текста и письменно ответьте на вопрос: What kinds of specialists are involved in the process of reformation of juvenile prisoners?
ВАРИАНТ 3. I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
Does not permit – Present Indefinite Active от глагола to permit. Have been tried – Present Perfect Passive от глагола to try.
Are referred to – Present Indefinite Passive от глагола to refer to.
1. About 2 per cent of criminal cases are sent to crown courts. 2. The continuity of monarchy in Great Britain has been interrupted only once (Republic of 1649-60) in over a thousand years. 3. At time of arrest a defendant will be advised of charge, right to an advocate, right to bail and etc. 4. The paper ''The Role and Influence of Staff in a Prison System'' was often referred to.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, найдите в них и подчеркните слова it, that, one. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения этих слов.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
1. The House of Commons has most power within Parliament. It is here that Government is formed. 2. The legislative function of a Parliament consists of making new laws and replacing the old ones. 3. Each state of the USA has its own system of courts similar to that of the Federal courts. 4. It is important to note that Russian criminal procedure is based on the presumption of innocence. 5. One must observe laws of his own country.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, найдите в них и подчеркните инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
1. To detect a crime means to expose all its attending features and identify the criminal. 2. If you want to make a will the best man to advise you is a solicitor. 3. The objective of parole is to establish normal adjustment of the individual. 4. A general rule to be followed by every investigator is: nothing at a crime scene is too insignificant.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения, найдите в них независимый причастный оборот и подчеркните его. Переведите предложения, учитывая особенности перевода независимого причастного оборота на русский язык.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
1. The Church of England being separated from the Roman Catholic, the Sovereign appoints top church officials. 2. In our courts the participants of the trial are heard in open court, the press having the right to be present.
V. Перепишите следующие сложные предложения, найдите в них придаточные предложения условия и подчеркните их. Переведите предложения, учитывая особенности перевода условных предложений на русский язык.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
1. If the jury decide that the accused is not guilty he will be immediately discharged. 2. If the International Law could not influence the course of international relations, it would lose its significance. 3. If the investigator had had more evidence, he would have been able to prove the case.
VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Найдите и подчеркните в них инфинитивные обороты. Помните, что объектные и субъектные инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ
1. Crime is considered to be an act which a society is willing to punish if it is done. 2. We expect this man to be an experienced judge.
VII. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3 абзацы текста.
|