Проанализируйте и переведите следующие предложения. 1. Before embarking on projects like DMU (a defence and military union), the European Union's big job is to bring in new members from the East

1. Before embarking on projects like DMU (a defence and military
union), the European Union's big job is to bring in new members from
the East. That will mean, among other things, more majority voting in the
council.

2. A spokesman for the British Foreign Office said the meeting
«provided useful opportunity for consultations» before departing for
trips abroad.

3. The Belgian Prime Minister offered his resignation to the King in
Brussels yesterday after failing to reconcile a cabinet split over tough new
economic measures.

The resignation followed a cabinet meeting at which the Premier again failed to gain agreement from his partners.

4. After spending most of the post-war era close to the nest, European
women — and especially mothers — are taking jobs in record numbers.

5. On arriving at London Airport from the UN Security Council
meeting, the Foreign Secretary said that he thought a practical and effec­
tive resolution would emerge as a result of his talks with African Com­
monwealth delegates.

6. The national governments will have to stop behaving like pigs at a
trough, not just in haggling over cash but also informing and guiding the
EU Commission itself.

7. The President's «kitchen cabinet» of wealthy advisers, which gave
him his start in politics and has played a crucial role in shaping his ad­
ministration, has disbanded after a controversy over fund raising.

8. In regulating family relations and sexual morality, political democ­
racies may adopt restrictive or permissive policies regarding divorce,
abortion, and pornography.

9. He insisted that France was as interested as anyone in bringing the
budget and agricultural spending in the EU under control.

10. Ms. Dunn, has long been seen as one of the Republicans' best
hopes for broadening their appeal to women, and that is one of the argu­
ments she makes in campaigning to be the majority leader.

11. The US President is able to increase support for his policy by ex­
plaining it energetically.

12. The constitution [of France] qualifies many of the president's
powers by stipulating that the government should «determine and con­
duct national policy» and by making the prime minister «responsible for
national defence».

13. By failing to agree upon any substantial reform of the Common
agricultural policy (CAP), the heads of government have guaranteed that
little progress will be made in any world trade talks. They have also made
it unlikely that they will keep their own promise of capping spending at
the current level in real terms.

14. By putting off the party elections, the Prime Minister will effec­
tively prevent dissidents in the party from mounting an internal challenge
to him before general elections.

15. Only by bringing tough measures to control spending, including
the runaway cost of farm subsidies, can the EU hope to create the condi­
tions to accept members from Eastern and Central Europe.

16. The IMF keeps itself in business by winkling money out of rich
nations such as the US and handling it out to poorer brethren, who usu­
ally are poor because of gross economic mismanagement.

17. The opposition Labor Party accused the ruling Israeli government
of abusing the state broadcasting authority by masking party propaganda
on television as an emergency government announcement.

18. By not losing sight of the long-term objectives they made them­
selves masters and not servants or victims of economic forces operating
in the world.

19. The first lesson, surely, is that the successive Governments added
greatly to the public anxiety by declining for so long to give reasonable
information to Parliament and the people.

20. There is still time to let every new MP know what the British peo­
ple want. It can be done by sending resolutions from trade unions and
other organizations, and by sending deputations to MPs.

21. They expect that the Prime Minister will try to suppress criticism
by pleading that matters are at a delicate stage.

22. «Time» journalism began by being deeply interested in people, as
individuals who were making history. We tried to make our readers see
and hear and even smell these people as part of a better understanding of
their ideas — or lack of them.

23. By agreeing to an Italian proposal that this question be turned over
to a committee of U.N. member states for study, the United States lured a
number of wavering countries away from the Canadian position.

24. Meanwhile the people and their representatives did what they were
told without even the privilege of being informed of the decisions taken
by their leaders.

25. European fund-management companies are obsessed with growing
their asset bases by entering new markets or raising their profiles in ones
where they already do business.

26. The Fed chairman's carefully worded comments about the stock
market drew few questions from committee members. They were preoc­
cupied with trying to get him to take sides in the looming battle between
the President and Congressional Republicans over Social Security, the
federal budget surplus and tax cuts.

27. Out west, where a motorist may travel 100 miles without seeing
another car, nine states will immediately jump to at least 70 mph.

28. A new anti-monopoly law could bring more competition to a few
industries. Similar efforts would help curb the conglomerates without
creating new government-sponsored outfits to replace them.

29. The United States, seeking to ease the plight of the Cuban people
without strengthening its government, will allow a greatly expanded flow
of cash donations to Cuba, authorize food sales and permit easier travel to
the Carribean island, the US President announced Tuesday.

30. «The three-point program, instead of preventing decentralization
of Canada, instead of being a means of uniting the country was dividing it.»

31. Instead of being changed the traditional strategy was merely reas­
serted and put into operation at the end of the war under the famous and
accurate phrase about«negotiation from strength».

32. The US special envoy was scheduled to complete his fourth at­
tempt at mediating the eight-month border conflict between Eritrea and
Ethiopia Monday and then return directly to the US.

33. The International Monetary Fund warned that improving econo­
mies might tempt Asian countries to put off reforms aimed at strength­
ening their banks and trimming corporate debt, leaving them open to
more shocks.

34. Europe's spirit, Cardinal Martini fears, is in danger of being un­
dermined by affluence and egoistical materialism.

35. There is no better time to perform the politically awkward feat of
raising taxes than when oil prices are low and the money can be quickly
handed back in lower taxes elsewhere.

36. The European Commission's life was cut short by an investiga­
tor's report accusing it of tolerating fraud, mismanagement or nepotism.

37. The report stopped short of identifying individuals responsible for
various massacres.

38. The president (of the USA) called expanding the western alliance
one way of giving other nations «incentive to deepen their democracy».

39. Television, meanwhile, has become a major means of solidifying
power and creating — or controlling — national unity in the country.

40. Greek and Turkish Cypriots appear fundamentally ambivalent
about finding a formula for coexistence. They are accustomed to the ten­
sions and conveniences of living apart

41. The conference was supposed to end its work next month, but the
United States made that impossible. The U.S. administration insists on
reviewing all the decisions taken so far.

42. A Senate labor subcommittee is discussing a measure to permit
firms with U. S. contracts to avoid paying overtime for 10-hour, four-day
work weeks.

43. The American press did not cover «reports, speeches or resolu­
tions on UNESCO's basic activities» such as fighting illiteracy, develop­
ing alternate energy sources and sponsoring research in food production,
the study said.

44. Fisheries ministers failed to meet a year-end deadline on formu­
lating the policy after a Franco-British dispute erupted over France's de­
mands for access rights for its trawlers up to the British coast.

45. The new leaders in Washington «appear to be bent not on rectify­
ing but on multiplying the errors of the previous administration, facilitat­
ing not a lessening of international tension but its growth».

46. Even in specialized fields such as diplomacy and trade, Americans'
ability to deal with foreigners in their own tongues lags enormously be­
hind the mushrooming growth of countries that are insisting on communi­
cating in their own language. The globe may be getting smaller in terms
of the time it takes to get around it, but its babel keeps expanding

47. In keeping with his anti-statist philosophy, Mr.Murdoch hands
very little of his profits to governments.

48. The government finds it difficult to strike the right compromise.
Old-style nationalists in parliament are vocal in accusing it of selling the
family silver cheap to greedy foreigners. But others charge it with merely
trying to make a quick buck from selling small chunks of its property,
without any ideological commitment to privatisation as a good thing in
itself. (Egypt)

49. Oil companies are barred by agreement with the government from
making any public statements of their revenues or the amount of oil they
are exporting.

50. The Home Secretary threatened yesterday to cut the budgets of
police forces that failed to meet his targets for recruiting black and Asian
officers.

51. The first prime minister of independent Zimbabwe received a
rousing welcome from the UN General Assembly as he thanked the inter­
national body and the world for assisting the Zimbabwean people in
achieving their political independence.

52. A National News Council study of U. S. newspaper coverage of a
UNESCO conference in Belgrade criticized the press for concentrating
on controversial proposals dealing with the media and ignoring stories on
the agency's deliberations on social and humanitarian issues.

53. European fund-management companies are obsessed with growing
their asset bases by entering new markets.

54. Although no decision has been made, informed sources said that a
number of senior administration officials, including some in the White
House and Pentagon, are in favour of selling the jets and that there is
strong feeling among them that «it is important for the U.S. to maintain
the friendship of Taiwan».

55. The Germans have grown sharply more critical of the EU and its
inefficiency since they started noticing that their $ 12 billion net contri­
bution to the budget was paying many of the bills.

2-553 33

56. There are countries who would be ready to sign agreements with
the developing nations for training some of their people over the next
five, ten years.

57. It is nonsense for its supporters to claim that the present policy is a
success. It has succeeded in increasing the number out of work, and in
reducing production.

58. The report also wants to stop newspapers and broadcast from pub­
lishing a public opinion poll on the likely result of a parliamentary elec­
tion during the 72 hours before the poll closes.

59. Containment has been successful so far in keeping Saddam
Hussein from posing a military threat to neighboring countries. But of
course the policy has been successful only to an uncertain degree in de­
nying him the means to build weapons of mass destruction, and it has not
been successful at all in accomplishing the one policy goal that counts the
most: his departure from power and his replacement by a government that
owes its authority to the Iraqi people.

60. Welfare benefits are now several times higher in generous states,
such as Vermont, than they are in places like Wisconsin. Wisconsinians
take pride in shortening their welfare rolls and seeing those who were
previously dependent doing a proper job.

61. Throwing a rope around Brazil's huge budget deficit — now
thought to be approaching 9% of national output — is the key to con­
taining further currency erosion.

62. Avoiding a death sentence depends a lot on having a good lawyer.

63. The European Parliament is set to begin debating amendments to
legislation that would impose a 20% withholding tax on income from
savings and certain bonds.

64. Far from doing anything to reduce the number of jobless, the
Government is planning to throw more out of work with its rail and pit
closures.

65. Far from helping the low-paid the Prime Minister has hit them
hardest of all.

66. By and large, Mr.Blair seems not merely to accept his economic
inheritance, but to welcome it. Indeed, far from wanting to turn back the
clock, Mr.Blair says that he wants to speed it up. «Modernization» is his
motto.

67. There are three main reasons why the markets are so bullish about
state banks. First, buying bank shares is the easiest way to profit from the
overall expansion of India's economy.

68. Yet the way men define their role has remained remarkably con­
sistent. Surveys show that being a good provider is at the top of the list.

69. Talking is better than trading threats, something the two have done
all too frequently in recent months.

70. How splendid if European commission appointments depended on
merit and not on nationality. But spoils-sharing is so far the iron law of
international organisations.

71. Giving Taiwan's unofficial offices more access to officials, and
perhaps allowing Taiwanese visa-free travel to Asian countries, would be
seen as friendly gestures.

72. In the large-scale political democracy of nation state, or city, citi­
zens participate in the political process in many ways other than through
voting, but voting is the central act in influencing policy formation.

73. Concentrating resources in specialist hospitals is essential if health
care is to be rationalised and savings made, according to the King's Fund,
an independent research organization.

74. The TV viewers may not have votes in the Republican conference,
but looking good on television sends a post-election message to their col­
leagues that the time has come to pick leaders with a wider appeal to the
public than Messrs Gingrich and Armey have ever had.

75. Government borrowing [in Ireland] was so badly out of control in
the ten previous years that public debt soared from 65% of national in­
come to nearly 120% (exceeded in Europe only by Belgium). Today bor­
rowing has fallen to almost nothing.

76. Privatising social spending [in Texas] could enrich big business at
the expense of widows and orphans. This argument would be more con­
vincing if public sector employees were really so high-minded, and did
not often care more about keeping their own jobs than helping the poor.

II. Герундиальный комплекс

Сочетание герундия с существительным в притяжательном или общем падеже, притяжательным местоимением, личным местоиме­нием в косвенном падеже или группой слов, которые являются субъектом действия, выраженного герундием, составляет единое це­лое и может выступать в качестве члена предложения в тех же функциях, что и герундий. Герундиальный комплекс переводится на русский язык придаточным предложением, вводимым словами то, что.; тот факт, что.; (с тем) чтобы...; после того как..., что... и др.

We look forward to much attention being given to this question. Мы рассчитываем на то, что этому вопросу будет уделено большое внимание.

2*

Трудность, связанная с переводом герундиального комплекса, за­ключается главным образом в том, что если его субъект выражен существительным, то его можно принять за сочетание существи­тельного с причастием. Синтаксический анализ предложения, в ча­стности определение функции формы на -ing, и контекст предложе­ния позволяют точно установить, является ли данное слово герунди­ем или причастием.

When the conference of Foreign Ministers' deputies was subsequently held, the new formula was used by the Americans to prevent an agreed agenda being drawn up. Когда впоследствии со­стоялась конференция заместителей министров иностранных дел, эта новая формула использовалась американцами, чтобы поме­шать выработке согласованной повестки дня

Если считать, что being drawn up является причастием в функ­ции определения, то следовало бы перевести это следующим обра­зом: «...использовалась американцами, чтобы помешать согласован­ной повестке, которая в тот момент вырабатывалась», что явно лишено смысла.