The structural type of the nominative absolute participial com-

The function of the complex in the sentence;

Its reference to a part of the introductory/semantically main clause of the semi-composite sentence.

D. Ways of Identification of Implicit Meanings in the Nominative Absolute Participial Constructions

As has been said already, a peculiar feature of many nomina­tive absolute participial constructions is their often indistinct seman­tic and syntactic role in the semi-composite sentence. The syntactic and semantic interrelations formed between the quasi-clauses with the nominative absolute participial construction on one hand, and the introductory/dominant clause on the other, may be of adverbial, attributive or objective nature. Among the most frequent adverbial meanings are temporal and causal, which are rendered into Ukrain­ian with the help of the corresponding subordinate clauses. For ex­ample:

«I can't write with you stand- «Я не можу, Марджері, ing there, Margery.» писати, коли ти стоїш там.» (Galsworthy)

A temporal meaning may also be indicated by an adverb/ad­verbial expression in the nominative absolute participiar construction

or by the corresponding tense forms in the introductory clause:

Mr. Quest, once again Квест, коли його знову interrupted, turned his darky- обірвали, глянув на нього своїми irritable eyes on him. чорними сердитими очима.

(D.Lessing)

Another man, with his back behind to the camera, faced the woman. (A.Hailey)

The inherent here in this nominative absolute participial con­struction causal meaning is not explicitly indicated. Nevertheless, it is clearly felt from the sentence, which can be proved by inserting the conjunction since or as, and thus transforming the secondary predication construction into the causative clause of the complex sentence:

Mr. Hilary being at a meeting, the brothers had tea by them­selves. (Galsworthy)

Therefore, there can be only one way of translation for such and the like nominative absolute participial constructions into Ukrain­ian and this is by means of causative subordinate clauses introduced by the conjunctionsоскільки, тому що, бо: Оскільки Гілері бувна зборах, брати сіли за чай самі/сіли пити чай самі.

The nominative absolute participial constructions of causative meaning may also occupy a postpositive position in the sentence, i.e., after the introductory clause, as in the following example:

We were walking by our- Ми десь із годину ходили selves for an hour, George hav- вдвох, бо Джордж зостався в ing remained in the hotel to write готелі писати тітиі листа, a letter to his aunt. (Cronin)