:
He had his eyes fixed always ³ on the future. (London) .
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This sentence, accordingly, may also be translated word-for-word:
/ ./
.
Ruth Morse seemed further Pvm . , removed than ever. (Ibid.) ,
-.
The last sentence can be translated with the help of a complex sentence as well, with the verb seemed turned into the introductory principal clause: , , -.
It should be pointed out in conclusion that there are some constructions with the past participle in English which may erroneously be taken for the nominative absolute participial complexes, which in reality they are not. These constructions have also a past participle for their syntactic head and may occupy an initial, middle or final position in the sentence:
| Taken hostage, the French Red Cross officials fell in the hands of a Maskhadov rival group in Chechnya. (The Guardian) |
.
Participial constructions of the kind are often formed from intransitive verbs:
Arrived at this point, we , halted. (S.Leacock). / .
The nature and meaning of the kind of participial construction is more transparent, when it follows the noun and occupies a concluding position, as in the following sentence:
He spoke with rare affection ³ ' of his sister Jean, now married , and comfortably settled in , castle. (Cronin) .
Nothing in common with the NAPC have also constructions with the concluding past participle as in He had his hair cut, she had her photo taken, which are translated with the help of finite forms of the verb (predicate): ³ , .
Certainly the most confusing for inexperienced translators are participial constructions with the grammaticalized past participles given, taken, granted etc. which are translated into Ukrainian with the help of diyepryslivnyks, diyepryslivnyk constructions or even via prepositional noun phrases. Cf.:
Taken together, the results of ϳ/ the reaction proved the existence of some touch in the solution. .
Given the present financial / situation in South Korea, no other move from the IMF could be ex- ϳ , pected. (Fin. News) .
Exercise VI. State the nature of the participial constructions in
the sentences below and translate them into Ukrainian.
Suddenly he heard someone running down the stairs. 2. I saw people wearing different clothes today. (C.Schimmels) 3. Through the open door of her room, he saw her pushing up her window. (Cronin) 4.1 had seen her three hours ago turning off the main road. 5. He saw the car coming over the rise of a hill. 6. Just look at the rain coming down! (Cheever). 7. Suddenly I saw the brush moving on the opposite side of the ravine. 8.1 watched them (Aleuts) landing on the bay. (O'Dell) 9.1 hear him calling her name. (Fitzgerald) 10.1 thought I detected a bazooka replying, then all was quiet again. 11. You'll have them fighting. 12. I would imagine him going up my stairs, knocking at my door, sleeping in my bed. (Greene) 13. She could hear the man and Soames talking together. 14. And yet I don't see him doing it. 15. And yet we can see him taking no further notice. 16. I don't want them writing home. (Galsworthy) 17. Despite his concern for Alexander, Coleman found himself becoming annoyed. 18. As he spoke, Mike Seddrus found himself regarding this girl with even greater interest. 19. David Coleman found himself liking this girl. (Hailey) 20. He remembers Barker coming into the mess and starting to tell about it. 21.... I listened to him breathing regularly. 22. In the morning the old man could feel the morning coming. 23. One evening he was seen going into this very house, but
was never seen coming out of it. (J.K.Jerome). 24 Did you ever see baseball played? 25. I heard your testimonial read in the Police Court, Fleur (Galsworthy) 26. He saw her face contorted for a moment with the extremity of his feeling... 27. On Wednesday morning Julia had her face massaged and her hair waved. (Maugham) 28. He saw her arms raised as she fixed her hair before a mirror. (London) 29. But they would feel their tails being tied! (Galsworthy) 30. At six forty-five I walked down to the quay to watch the American planes unloaded. (G.Greene) 31.1 watched him adjusting himself a little, visibly. (Fitzgerald) 32. We have the enemy almost surrounded. (Cheever) 33. I always see you this time of the year going up. (W.Maken) 34. This point is obvious: given the choice, businessmen would rather not pay bribes. (Newsweek) 35. Given the shortage of officers, it was not unusual for majors or captains to command brigades. (Encyclopedia of Ukraine -Toronto. Univ. Press.) 36. Given those anxieties, Germany's political and journalistic establishment enthusiastically greeted the appointment of Mr.Kornblum. 37. Given his background, Clinton doubted his own ability to have a successful marriage. (Intern. Herald Tribune)
C. Ways of translating the Nominative Absolute Participial Constructions
These English secondary predication word-groups, which are very often used in literary substyles, are presented in some structurally different types. The main of them are three:
The nominative absolute participial constructions consisting of a synthetic or analytical paradigm of the present participle. This type of secondary predication complexes may have the form of a synthetic or an analytic paradigm of the participle. For example, in the underlined nominative absolute participial construction This duty done, we refilled our glasses (J.K.Jerome), the paradigm of the participle is simple, i.e. synthetic. It has been derived, respectively, either from a less extended (The duty being done), or from a more extended/full analytical paradigm of this participle (The duty having been done). The contracted and less extended forms of the nominative absolute participial constructions are much more occurent in present-day English than their full paradigmatic forms, in which some emphasis is always laid on the categorial meanings (tense, aspect, voice) of the action expressed through the componental parts of the paradigm. Cf.: This duty having (perfective aspect) been (passive voice) done (accomplished action). When no emphasis is laid on the