III. Read and translate the words.

type, contact(n, v), form(v, n), effect (n, v), to assist, to isolate, object (n, v), situation, photograph (v, n), principle, category, manner.

IV. Read and translate the text.

CRIME SCENE SEARCH

General

In certain types of offences the search of the crime scene is the most important part of the investigation. Many kinds of crimes do not have a " scene" in the sense of an area, where traces are usually found. Offences such as forgery and embezzlement require no physical activities in their commission. Crimes of violence, however, involve a struggle, a break, and use of weapons for homicide, assault and burglary. The criminal is in contact with the physical surroundings in a forceful manner. Traces may be left in the form of clothing, shoe impressions, fingerprints, bloodstains, etc. It is not only the effect of the criminal on the scene to be considered but also the manner in which the scene may have left traces on the criminal. Being found on a suspect these traces may later link him to the scene.

Preliminary

Actions and duties of the investigator on first arriving at the scene of the crime are as follows:

a) to identify and, if possible, retain for questioning the person who first notified the police;

b) to determine the perpetrator by direct inquiry or observation of his identity;

c) to detain all the persons present at the scene;

d) to summon assistance if necessary;

e) to safeguard and isolate the area;

f) to separate the witnesses so as to obtain independent statements;

g) not to touch or move any object.

Survey

At this stage the investigator should take physical actions. He forms quick opinion of what has happened. He makes an estimate of the situation. The estimate having been formed, the investigator determines the number, kind and views of the photographs he wishes to be taken. The photography having been accomplished, he may proceed with the search.

Search

The examination must be thorough. A plan of search should be formed which will cover the entire scene. This plan must be closely followed. In gathering the evidence some principles of selection must be employed. As the basic guide the investigator should look upon the evidence as serving to establish one more of the following:

a) the corpus delicti or the fact that the crime was committed;

b) the method of operation of the perpetrator;

c) the identity of the guilty person.

The investigator must carefully study the evidence to determine the significance of the above..

He is to search for two kinds of evidence. In the first category there are those facts and materials which establish the elements of proof. They may show that a crime has been committed in a certain manner, which indicates the degree of the crime and reveals the modus operandi of the criminal. Other evidence may serve to trace the criminal, for example, fingerprints. The fingerprints establish the fact that the criminal was at the scene and assist in tracing the criminal.