IX. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the active words and the Infinitive.

1. Circumstantial evidence is considered to be the evidence, which establishes certain relevant facts, leading to the presumption of existence of an issue.

2. The burglar was found to be in possession of a loot taken during the burglary. Examples of evidence: A. is charged with murder of B by shooting (C. testifies that he saw A shoot B. – direct oral evidence; D. testifies that after shooting he saw A. hold a gun – circumstantial evidence and that A. could have used his gun against B.; the gun is produced in court – direct real evidence).

4. The lawyers consider the presenting of the best evidence to be one of the main principles of the rules of evidence.

5. We know circumstantial evidence sometimes not to be admitted if direct evidence can be given.

6. Hearsay evidence is known to be evidence when a witness testifies to a statement made to him by another person (not the accused).

7. In some cases hearsay evidence is supposed to be admissible in court.

8. The court considers the ассusеr's action after he commits а crime to be relevant to the case.

9. A person is said to have made a tacit confession if he does not deny an accusation.

X. Read and translate the sentences, paying attention to the translation of “one”.

1. The competent witness is the one who is eligible (has the right) to testify.

2. Corpus delicti means that one must have the essence of the crime before one can have a conviction.

3. One should begin investigating the case with determining the plan of investigative actions.

4. A witness is one who produced evidence of the commission of a crime.

5. The new classification of crime in England has largely substituted the old one.

6. There are two major kinds оf evidence: the direct one and the circumstantial one.

7. If one speaks of what he actually saw he presents direct evidence.

8. Hearsay evidence applies not only to oral statements but also to written ones.

ХI. " Read and translate the sentences, paying attention to the translation of “that” and “those”.

1. It is only relevant evidence that can be produced in court.

2. A witness can present only those facts in court that he has observed directly.

3. The evidence was so important that it was preserved with great caution.

4. The evidence that includes copies and other duplicates of the original is not always admissible in court.

5. The investigator may show that the manner of previous crime is similar to that of the present crime, thus he may show that this is the way that the accused operates.

6. The " best evidence rule” means that a person should bring into court the best evidence available to him.

7. The function of the rules of evidence is to limit the evidence, which a witness may present to that of which he has a direct knowledge.

8. Many offences, particularly those that do not involve personal violence, are not associated with a definite scene of a crime.