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Future Perfect Continuous Tense
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| + S will have been Ping ♣ À ? Will S have been Ping ♣ À? – S will have not been Ping ♣ À |
| Future Perfect Contiuous Tense is used: | ||
| rules | examples | |
| 1. | to express an action in the past which began and was in progress before another past action | I will have been studying international relations for three years by the end of this term. |
Time phrases used with the tense: by the time.
Future-in-the-Past Tenses
| Future-in-the-Past Tenses are used: | ||
| rules | examples | |
| 1. | to speak of the future from the past perspective. In this case would is used instead of will to form the verb form | He said he would investigate this case himself. The prediction was that they would be working on the project for more than a year. |
| Other Future Forms | ||
| rules | examples | |
| 1. | be going tois used to describe personal intentions for the near future or when there is evidence in the present that something will happen in the future | I am going to study for my exams tonight. Be careful! You are going to fail if you do not try hard enough. |
| 2. | be + to-infinitiveis used to speak about official arrangements or orders | The President is to leave for Brussels tomorrow. You are not to reveal the contents of these documents to anyone. |
The Passive Voice
A person or thing performing an action is called the subject of the action. A person or thing acted upon is called the object of the action. In the English language the verb has two voices: the Active Voice and the Passive Voice.The Passive is formed in the following way: subject + corresponding tense form of to be + Past Participle:
The war was fought for a long time.
The treaty has already been signed.
to be + V3f/ed
| Present | Past | Future | Future-in-the-Past | |
| Simple | is discussed | was discussed | will be discussed | would be discussed |
| Continuous | is being discussed | was being discussed | - | - |
| Perfect | has been discussed | had been discussed | will have been discussed | would have been discussed |
The most important thing to remember while translating English sentences with the verb in Passive is to clearly determine the real doer of the action (if possible) and the object of the action.
Other reasons for using passive include:
| rules | examples | |
| 1. | the agent is people or things ‘in general’ | Some conflicts cannot be solved peacefully. |
| 2. | the agent is a long phrase | She was touched by all the words of sympathy she received. |
| avoiding references to ourselves and making a statement personal | This issue cannot be dealt with so easily. instead of: We cannot deal with this problem so easily. |