Проанализируйте и переведите следующие предложения. 1. Much of the European Commission's activity is carried out at a technical level in Committees, and the Commission is with some justifi­ cation accused of

1. Much of the European Commission's activity is carried out at a
technical level in Committees, and the Commission is with some justifi­
cation accused of excessive secrecy.

2. The EU Commission, which is responsible for proposing and en­
forcing European legislation, is disliked by many in Europe as a federal-
izing agency and is often misunderstood because of the complex and bu­
reaucratic nature of its work.

3. The trip to Brussels by the Norwegian Prime Minister and Finance

Minister is largely for appearances sake, and is being made at the request of pro-European Union factions in Parliament.

4. The fact that China's crisis is derived from stalled reforms of state-
owned industries and the financial sector is well understood

5. The whole EU budget is being argued about Both Britain and
Germany want to cut farm spending, while France wants a big increase in
prices for its farmers.

6. «The truth has been proven for many times that the human rights
issue will not be resolved through confrontation,» — China's foreign
minister said in a statement.

7. Those killed at the weekend were trying to collect leaking fuel
when they were caught in the blast, apparently caused by a spark of a
cigarette.

8. The changes were denounced by opposition politicians and labour
leaders as likely to further deflate the already limp British economy and
push unemployment even higher.

9. The development of markets to trade oil and oil futures means that
price signals are relayed faster and more efficiently.

10. Comments made by the U.S. ambassador about Mexican-Cuban rela­
tions have been attacked as gross interference in the international affairs
of Mexico and a violation of the universally-accepted diplomatic norms.

In expressing discontent with Mexico's friendly relations with Cuba, the U.S. ambassador publicly stated that the U.S. could not understand the close friendship.

11. Only when agreement is reached on the role and powers of the
second chamber does it make sense to consider its composition [Britain].

12. One day the world will learn of the intrigues and provocations that
were resorted to in pushing the country into this suicidal policy.

13. The new program has just been launched There has been an in­
crease in the number of minority applicants. But it is not enough. The
program is also required, under the terms of the grant, to provide the nec­
essary student support services for ethnic minority students and to expand
and sharpen the current program's responsiveness to the special needs of
client populations from ethnic minority groups.

14. The preeminence given to military industry and technology over
the last three decades, has had a delayed but serious impact upon the ci­
vilian industrial economy. In stark contrast to the enormous sums allotted
over the years to military technology, civilian technology has been
starved for capital and thus for talent.

15. Investing in oil is done mainly through futures contracts. These in­
volve obligations to buy or sell a fixed amount of oil at a fixed date.

16. He is survived by two sons.

17. «Nations against the State» is not a great book or even a very
good one. It is dully written, eccentrically organised, sloppily edited and
has apparently not been proofread at all, and the reader is irked by Mr.
Keating's continual refusal to answer the main questions.

18. «The report has nothing to do with the Goverment and doesn't re­
flect its views. No one in the Goverment was involved in drawing it up.»

19. «Mama, cars don't behave They are behaved upon,» — the son
in «Driving Miss Daisy» tells his mother when she tries to blame her
Packard for an accident.

20. Most Americans do not need news but were made to think that
watching it on television is «a kind of social hygiene, like regular tooth-
brushing», says a journalist for the public broadcasting network.

21. In this age in which income transfers are deeply imbedded in poli­
tics, the IMF doesn't lack clients.

22. Indonesia's riots have been linked to economic hardships, ethnic
and religious tensions and political turmoil.

23. Aid can keep bad governments in business; and promises to im­
prove policy, made when the aid is first offered, are often forgotten once
it has been delivered

24. Police and soldiers have been ordered to shoot rioters and trou­
blemakers on sight, and a rapid-response force is being raised to deal
with outbreaks of unrest.

25. If a second ballot is required, the low vote getter will be elimi­
nated as the top two face off.

26. The company's tax returns and payments are reviewed on a regu­
lar basis by relevant tax authorities.

27 Just how the body's natural defence mechanism against bacteria and viruses works is being more closely examined at the National Insti­tute for Medical Research at Mill Hill, London.

28. Thousands of domestic servants are being brought into the United
States from impoverished countries and then severely exploited by foreign
employers, many of whom work for embassies and international organi­
zations in the Washington area, according to human rights groups, immi­
gration attorneys and former domestics.

29. Yet failing banks can be dealt with Asia's current difficulties
have already been faced and mostly overcome in Latin America. And the
pathology of bank-driven distress is familiar in many rich western coun­
tries too — not least in Britain. The lessons are there to be learned

30. Indonesia has been racked by waves of unrest over the past year as

ethnic, religious and social tensions boiled over, fueled by spiraling pov­erty amid the country's worst economic and political crisis in decades.

31. With the complicity of a sympathetic media, belief is presented as
fact, and data are simply made up.

32. Scrap car law may be recycled. Laws that will make it illegal to
scrap a car in many ways except through recycling yards are being con­
sidered by the Government.

33. The Treasury Chief Secretary issued a warning that further action
would have to be taken to stop big pay rises in the private sector to meet
inflation targets.

34. The Government must ensure that the unions were not called upon
to accept impossible tasks and then be blamed because they failed.

35. Another speaker thought that some of the older mental hospitals
can only be adequately dealt with by pulling them down and rebuilding
them.

36. Relations between the Chinese and the Malays, who make up 15%
of Singapore's population, have sometimes been strained. Malay remains
the national language, but it is not spoken by most Chinese and is largely
seen as a relic of Singapore's past union with Malaysia.

37. All that the schools can be asked to promise is that everyone will
be educated to the limit of his capacities.

38. China is far from being in recession, unlike many of its neighbors.
Certainly, China's exports will be badly hit this year, and previous high
levels of foreign investments will fall. Yet, the export sector remains
relatively small. It is China's domestic economy that counts, and this is
shielded from external shocks by a largely non-convertible currency.

39. Unless another attempt is made at a serious reform of the CAP
(common agricultural policy), the heads of government have made it un­
likely that any large Central European country can be admitted to the
Union at an acceptable cost.

40. People on the left have as often been disappointed by Labour gov­
ernments as those on the right have been alarmed by them.

§ 5. СОСЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ НАКЛОНЕНИЕ

В ряде случаев перевод сослагательного наклонения на русский язык представляет известную трудность. А именно:

1. Форма would + инфинитив, если она употреблена в простом предложении с подразумевающимся условием, переводится на рус­ский язык глаголом в сослагательном наклонении.

Any interruption to oil supplies would be hugely damaging to the world economy. Любые перебои в поставках нефти нанесли бы огромный ущерб мировой экономике.

Однако, в тех случаях, когда описывается содержание какого-нибудь внесенного, но еще не принятого проекта, плана или пред­ложения, в русском языке принято употребление будущего времени изъявительного наклонения.

It was recommended that a special report should be submitted. This report would give a detailed account of the activities of the committee and their views on the situation. Рекомендуется предста­вить специальный доклад. В этом докладе будет сделан подроб­ный отчет о деятельности этой комиссии и представлена ее точка зрения по данному вопросу.

2. Трудность при переводе представляет также бессоюзное под-чинение условных предложений с частичной или полной инверсией.

Had this policy been adopted, the subsequent history of the treaty might well have been quite different. Если бы такая политика была принята, последующая судьба этого договора вполне могла бы быть совершенно другой.

Примечание. 1. Часто не учитывается стилистическая окраска, лите­ратурный стиль инвертированного предложения, и предложение переводит­ся также с бессоюзным подчинением, что в русском языке характерно как раз для разговорного стиля.

Had it been as easy as that, no special negotiations would have been necessary. Если бы это было так просто, не понадобилось бы никаких специальных переговоров (литературный стиль). (Будь это так просто... — разговорный стиль.)

2. Условие может быть выражено не только полным придаточным пред­ложением, но и другими способами, например: if + причастие (см. «При­частие», с. 40), или сочетание предлогов given, provided и др. с существи­тельным (см. «Причастия в функции союзов и предлогов», с. 54), или со­ставной предлог but for + существительное.

But for their willingness to assist, this decision would never have been arrived at. Если бы. не их желание помочь, это решение так и не было бы принято.

3. Форма were + инфинитив употребляется в придаточных усло­вия для обозначения маловероятного условия, относящегося к бу­дущему времени (еще менее вероятного, чем форма, омонимичная Past Indefinite); переводится глаголом в сослагательном наклонении. В русском языке нет грамматических форм для передачи различных градаций маловероятности, и поэтому они передаются, где это нуж­но, лексически (словами если вдруг/почему-нибудь/паче чаяния, об­стоятельственными сочетаниями с предлогом при и др.).

Such a system is bound to be unpopular among most Europeans, and if the Federal party were to support it, they would undoubtedly weaken their chances in the forthcoming federal elections. Такая сис­тема наверняка не будет пользоваться популярностью среди большинства европейцев, и если Федеральная партия вдруг (почему-либо) стала бы ее поддерживать, она, несомненно, уменьшила бы свои шансы на победу на предстоящих выборах.

4. Придаточные предложения условия с формой should (для всех лиц) + инфинитив при переводе на русский язык обычно начинают­ся словами в случае если бы В английском языке такие предло­жения часто бывают инвертированными, с опущенным союзом.

The resolution, passed unanimously by the Council members on March 2nd, promises the «severest consequences» should Iraq again hinder the UN's arm inspectors (= if Iraq should hinder). Резолюция, единогласно принятая всеми членами Совета безопасности ООН, предупреждает о «самых серьезных последствиях» в случае, если Ирак вновь стал бы чинить препятствия работе инспекторов ООН по разоружению